Transcript WWII - Cobb Learning

World War II
1939 - 1945
Totalitarian Governments
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Italy – Fascist Party - Benito Mussolini - 1923
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Il Duce – The Leader
Blackshirts
Restore Italy to glory days of Roman Empire
Germany – Adolf Hitler
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Nazi Party
Der Fuhrer – The Leader
Beer Hall Putsch 1923 – attempts to take over govt.
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In jail, writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Consolidates power (over Weimar Republic)
Brown Shirts (Private Army) Blackshirts Gestapo (Heinrich
Himmler)
Chancellor in 1933
Terror and intimidation; propaganda (Joseph Goebbels), Hitler
youth, education, media
USSR & Japan
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Joseph Stalin (Man of Steel)
Control over industry, farms
Millions die under forced labor, collective farms,
prisons
Japan – Emperor Hirohito
Heideki Tojo – military
Invades Manchuria, China,
Territorial expansion
Europe Goes to War
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1. 1936 - German troops
occupy the Rhineland
2. 1938 – Germany annexes
Austria – Anschluss
3. Sudetenland
(Czechoslovakia)
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Germany needs lebenstraum
Munich 1938 – appeasement
Neville Chamberlain gives in
4. Germany takes rest of
Czech.
Europe Goes to War
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5. Germany signs
non-aggression pact
(Nazi-Soviet Pact)
with USSR 1939
6. Sept. 1, 1939 –
Germany invades
Poland
WWII begins
Europe Goes to War
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Blitzkrieg (“lightening
war”)
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Hitler crushes Poland
Stalin takes half of Poland
for USSR (communist)
French build up Maginot
Line - defenses
April 9, 1940 –
Denmark,
Norway, Netherlands, Belgium fall
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Takes Paris on June 14,
1940
Evacuation (“Miracle”) at
Dunkirk to England
War cont.
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Battle of Britain
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Luftwaffe vs. Royal Air
Force (RAF)
Great acts of
individual bravery
June 1940 – June
1941 – 30,000
Londoners killed
Winston Churchill
rallies England
Hitler’s first defeat
Americans Debate
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Was WWI a mistake?
Was it about big industries making money off
war?
Isolationists debate the interventionists
Neutrality Act 1939
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Cash & carry – nations could buy from U.S. if they
paid cash & used own ships (pro ally)
Lend Lease Act - loans to allies
Atlantic Charter – deepening alliance w/Britain; self
determination of nations, United Nations plan
Hitler orders attacks on U.S. ships
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Japan Builds an Empire
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Japan
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American Response
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Invades Manchuria; other
Pacific Islands 30’s & 40’s
FDR moves Pacific fleet to
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Threatens Japan’s
expansion
America remains neutral
Embargo; Japanese
assets frozen
Japan Attacks Pearl
Harbor
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December 7, 1941 – “a date
which will live in infamy”
U.S. enters World War II
Pearl Harbor
Fighting in Italy and North Africa
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German General
Erwin Rommel –
“Desert Fox”
Leads Afrika Corps
Panzer units (tanks)
Defeated by GB at
Battle of El Alamein
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George Patton takes
Sicily; North Africa
“Bloody Anzio”, Italy
Italy surrenders
Mussolini killed by
anti-fascists
War in the Soviet Union
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3.6 million Germans
attack in 1941
Operation Barbarossa
Scorched earth policy
Bitter winter
Battle of Stalingrad
Red Army launches
massive assault; victory
for USSR
Turning point in war
Invasion of Western Europe
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Build up of troops in GB
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
 Operation Overlord
 Largest landing force in
history invades Normandy,
France
 Dwight D. Eisenhower –
Supreme Allied
Commander
Battle of the Bulge
 1944 – Hitler’s last chance
to defend Germany
 Costly for U.S.
 Patton stops Germans
War Ends in Europe
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The Soviets Advance
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Move on Berlin
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U.S. moves from west
Soviets move from east
Soviets take Berlin in
April 1945
Germany Surrenders
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Hitler commits suicide
on May 1, 1945
Germany surrenders
on May 8, 1945
V-E Day (Victory in
Europe Day)
War Ends in Europe cont.
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The Yalta Conference
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Stalin, Churchill, and
FDR (the big three)
make postwar plans
Potsdam Conference
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Divided Germany (4
zones)
Stalin promised to
enter war in the Pacific
War in the Pacific
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The Japanese
advance
The Philippines fall
General Macarthur
forced to leave (“I
shall return”)
Bataan Death March
The Battle of Coral
Sea
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First aircraft carrier
battle
Prevented attack of
Australia
War in the Pacific
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Allied victories turn the
tide
The Battle of Midway
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Iwo Jima and Okinawa
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Destroy Jap. ships
Key victories
Kamikaze fighters
Island hopping to Japan
War Ends in Pacific
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The Manhattan Project –
secret project to develop
an atomic bomb
Los Alamos
FDR dies – Truman makes
decision to drop the bomb
August 6, 1945 - “Little Boy”
dropped on Hiroshima
August 9, 1945 - “Fat Man”
dropped on Nagasaki
Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan
signs surrender
Hiroshima
Japanese Internment
Japanese/Americans rounded
Up and put in camps during
WWII
Executive Order 1066
Liberation
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Soviet and American
troops come upon
Nazi concentration
camps
World begins to learn
about the Holocaust
Genocide