Transcript From World War I to World War II

From World War I to World War II
SOL: VUS.9b -12
U.S. involvement in World War I
(VUS.9b)
After the War
Wilson wrote the Fourteen Points to eliminate
causes of war, but France and Britain insisted
on punishing Germany.
The Treaty of Versailles resulted in the creation
of new nations in Europe and also included a
League of Nations, but the US Senate refused
to approve it.
The 1920s (VUS.10a) = Changes
led to Conflict
Popular Culture (radio, jazz, movies, and
magazines) reflected the prosperity of the
1920s
Conflict = traditional vs. modern values
Scopes Trial: Religion v. Science
Flappers: traditional v. modern roles for women
Rise of KKK: open immigration v. nativism
Prohibition: speakeasies v. respect for law
Great Depression (VUS.b,c)
Causes of Depression
Overspeculation in the stock market
Using borrowed money to buy stock
Hawley Smoot Tariff and other high tariffs
Failure of the Federal Reserve System
Impact of Depression
Unemployment (25%) and homelessness
bank closings
Labor unions became more violent
Farm foreclosures and migration
New Deal
Made the government more active in economy
Roosevelt: “We have nothing to fear, but fear
itself.”
Relief – help people directly (WPA).
Recovery -- bring nation out of depression (AAA).
Reform – fix unsound banking and investment
practices (FDIC).
Social Security Act offered safeguards for workers.
World War II
Allies (France, Great Britain & the Soviet
Union) vs. Axis (Japan, Germany & Italy)
War in Europe
Germany and the Soviet Union invaded Poland
(1939); US was neutral
Germany
Over-ran France
Bombed Britain (“Battle of Britain”)
Invaded Soviet Union (1941)
US Involvement
US helped Britain by
Trading bases for destroyers
Lend-Lease Act (“like a garden hose!”)
War in Asia
Japan invaded Manchuria and China (1930s)
US imposed an embargo on the sale of oil and
steel to Japan
Japan bombed Pearl Harbor (12/7/1941)
FDR said “a date which will live in infamy”
US declared war on Japan
Germany & Japan declared war on US
Strategy in Europe
Allied Strategy = Defeat Hitler 1st
Axis Strategy = win quickly before US can enter
war
Prisoners of War treated according to Geneva
Convention
Turning Point Battles
El Alamein – blocked
Axis from Middle
East oil
Stalingrad – blocked
Axis from Soviet oil
Normandy – began
liberation of Western
Europe
Strategy in Pacific
Allied Strategy = island hopping; submarine
warfare
Axis Strategy = invade Philippines & Indonesia,
head for Australia & Hawaii; hoped US would
accept dominance
Prisoners of War treated badly (Bataan Death
March)
Turning Point Battles:
Midway – “Miracle”,
destroyed Japanese
navy
Iwo Jima & Okinawa
– close to Japan,
high casualties
Hiroshima &
Nagasaki – use of
atomic bomb
Minority Involvement
War in Europe
Tuskegee Airmen
(African American)
Nisei Regiments
(Japanese Americans)
Mexican American
soldiers not segregated
War in Asia
Navajo Code-talkers
Holocaust
Genocide: systematic and
purposeful destruction of a
racial, political, religious
or cultural group
Final Solution: Germany’s
decision to exterminate all
Jews; also affected Poles,
Slavs, Gypsies, and
undesirables
Resulted in
Nuremberg Trials – held Nazi leaders
individually responsible for actions committed
during war
Increased demand for a Jewish homeland
World War II at Home
Government and industry worked together;
businesses changed to wartime production
Rationing, war bonds, income taxes and
Selective Service (Draft)
New Roles
Women: served in
non-combat roles in
the military, worked
in industry (Rosie
the Riveter)
New Roles
African
Americans:
migrated to cities
for jobs in war
plants, Double-V
Campaign
New Roles
Japanese
Americans: sent to
internment camps
because of prejudice
and fear of spies;
Supreme Court
upheld the
internments
Media and Communications
Government
censored war
reporting
Entertainment
Industry (movies and
plays) supported the
war effort