Transcript Aftermath of War in Europe

CHAPTER 22
Europe and North America in
the Postwar Years
Section 1: Aftermath of War in Europe
Objectives:
What were the origins of the postwar settlement
for Europe?
Why was Germany divided into four occupation
zones and what developed as a
result?
How is the United Nations organized?
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Aftermath of War in Europe
Bell Ringer 22.1:
What were the purposes and results of the
wartime conferences?
Purpose
Yalta
Conference
ensure lasting peace, decide
how to deal with defeated
nations
Allied
Control
Council
to oversee temporary German
government
United
Nations
to prevent another war
Result
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Aftermath of War in Europe
At the end of WWII, the
Allied nations had trouble
determining how to keep
peace in Europe.
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Victory over the Axis powers
brought on a whole new set of
problems.
To some degree, these problems were
the result of decisions they had made
during the war.
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1943 – The “Big Three” met in
Tehran, Iran
… decided to defeat Germany on
two fronts – Western Allies would
attack from the west while Soviet
forces would attack from the east.
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Division & Occupation of Germany
City of Berlin
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• Poland?
– Churchill & Roosevelt believed they should determine
their own futures – Stalin promised to allow free
elections …..hmmmmm
• Eastern European gov’ts
– Stalin wanted friendly gov’t under SOVIET control
• How to prevent future war
– They argued over sphere of influence
– United Nations organization through collective security
arrangements
Political Cartoon
Aftermath of War in Europe
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Decisions made at Potsdam
• Germany should remain a
single country, although it
would be divided for the time
being.
• Germany must be
demilitarized.
• Nazi Party outlawed.
• Gov’t rebuilt on a democratic
basis.
• War crimes trials would be
held.
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Demilitarization & Reparations
• Disbanded all German
land, air, and sea forces
• All war industries to be
dismantled.
• German economic
recovery? Very
different views ….
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Nuremberg Trials
• 1945-46
• Special international
court
• Charged 22 Nazi
leaders with crimes
against humanity
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Oct 1945 charter ratified to establish
the United Nations (UN).
Primary purpose = maintain
international peace and security
Also designed to foster cooperation to
solve cultural, economic, and social
problems.
Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt would be
instrumental in persuading Americans of the
importance of the UN.
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Each permanent member
of the Security Council
can prevent action by using
its veto power.
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The war destroyed many European governments . . .
Changes were happening.
Italy abolishes their
monarchy and
becomes a
republic!
Soviet Union
establishes
communist govts
in Eastern
Europe.
France has a new
constitution in
1946.
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Aftermath of War in Europe
Peace would not be easy.
• The Allies could not reach agreements.
• Austria is restored in 1955 but must agree to
remain neutral.
• In the case of Germany, the Allies never
reached a final settlement.
• Germany would be formally divided into
West and East Germany – two separate
countries.
CHAPTER 22