Transcript 10.8 Lecture – The Holocaust

10.8 Lecture – The
Holocaust
I. Holocaust
A. The systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups
judged inferior by the Nazis.
B. The Holocaust Begins
1. To gain support for his racist ideas, Hitler knowingly
tapped into the hatred for Jews that had deep roots in
European history.
a. Many Germans, along with other Europeans,
had targeted Jews as the cause of their failures.
b. Germans even blamed Jews for their country’s
defeat in World War I and for its economic
problems after that war.
2. The Nuremberg Laws, passed in 1935, deprived Jews
of their rights to German Citizenship and forbade
marriages between Jews and non-Jews.
a. Also limited the kinds of work that Jews could
do.
3. The Night of Broken Glass
a. November 1938, 17-year old Herschel Grynszpan, a
Jewish youth from Germany, was visiting an uncle in
Paris.
b. While Grynszpan was there, he received a postcard.
1. It said that after living in Germany for 27
years, his father had been deported to Poland.
2. On November 7, wishing to avenge his
father’s deportation, Grynszpan shot a German
diplomat living in Paris.
c. Nazi leaders hear the news; they launched a violent
attack on the Jewish community.
1. November 9, Nazi storm troopers attacked
Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues
across Germany and murdered close to 100
Jews.
2.The main streets of the city were a positive
litter of shattered plate glass.
i) It is for this reason that the night of
November 9 became known as
Kristallnacht – the Night of Broken
Glass.
4. A Flood of Refugees
a. Some Jews realized that violence against them was
bound to increase.
b. End of 1939, a number of German Jews had fled to
other countries.
c. At first, Hitler favored emigration as a solution to what
he called “The Jewish Problem.”
1. After admitting tens of thousands of Jewish
refugees, such countries as France, Britain, and
the United States abruptly closed their doors to
further immigration.
5. Isolating the Jews
a. When Hitler found that he could not get rid of
Jews through emigration, he put another plan into
effect.
1. He ordered Jews in all countries under his
control to be moved to designated
cities.
2. The Nazis herded the Jews into dismal,
overcrowded ghettos, or segregated Jewish
areas.
i) Sealed off the ghettos with barbed
wire and stone walls.
ii) They hoped that the Jews inside
would starve to death or die from
disease.
iii) The Jews hung on.
- Some formed resistance
organizations within the ghettos.
- Kept their traditions.
- Ghettos theaters produced plays
and concerts.
- Teachers taught lessons in
secret schools.
- Scholars kept records so that
one day people would find out the
truth.
C. The Final Solution
1. Hitler soon grew impatient waiting for Jews to die from starvation
or disease.
2. His plan was called the Final Solution.
a. Applied modern industrial methods to the slaughter of
human beings.
1. German companies built huge extermination
camps in Eastern Europe, while thousands of
ordinary German citizens supported and aided the
genocide.
2. Trainloads of cattle cars arrived at the camps and
disgorged thousands of captives and the corpses of
those who had died of starvation or asphyxiation
along the way.
3. The strongest survivors were put to work and fed
almost nothing until they died.
i) Meals of thin soup, scrap of bread, and
potato peelings.
ii) Most people lost 50 lbs within the first
couple of months
4. Women, children, the elderly, and the sick were
shoved into gas chambers and asphyxiated with
poison gas.
5. Auschwitz, the biggest camp, was a giant
industrial complex designed to kill up to twelve
thousand people a day.
6. Nazi doctors tortured prisoners for medical
experiments.
i) This mass extermination now called the
Holocaust claimed some 6 million Jewish
lives.
b. Nazis also killed 3 million Polish Catholics – especially
professionals, army officers, and the educated – in an
effort to reduce the Polish people to slavery.
c. Exterminated homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses,
Gypsies, the disabled, and the mentally ill – all in the
interests of racial purity.
d. They also worked millions of prisoners of war to death
or let them die of starvation.
D. The Survivors
1. Some six million European Jews died in these death camps
and in Nazi massacres.
a. Fewer than four million survived.
2. Those who survived the camps were changed forever by what
they had experienced.
The Holocaust
Maturity of these images
are important!
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