Transcript World War II

World War II
10.8 Students analyze the causes and consequences of World War II.
10.8.2 - Understand the role of appeasement, nonintervention (isolationism),
and the domestic distractions in Europe and the United States prior to the
outbreak of World War II.
10.8.3 - Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss
the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key
strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political
resolutions, with emphasis on the importance of geographic factors.
Nazi aggression
Outbreak of War
Turning Points
I. Nazi Aggression
A. Hitler breaks the Versailles
Treaty
1. By 1935 the German army is rebuilding
2. In 1936 the German troops reoccupy a 30 mile
wide zone between Germany and France called
the Rhineland
a. French and British
stunned, but do nothing
b. Allies rely on the policy
of appeasement
Rhineland
Maginot Line
I. Nazi Aggression
A. Hitler breaks the Versailles Treaty
3. In March of 1937, Hitler sends his army into
Austria and annexes it (called the Anschluss)
a. British and French ignore pledge to keep Austrian
Independence
b. Many Austrians supported the unity with Germany
Rhineland
Maginot Line
Austria
I. Nazi Aggression
B. Hitler and the Sudetenland
(Czechoslovakia)
1. 3 million German people live
in the land bordering Czech
and Germany
2. Sept. 1938 Hitler demands that it be
handed over to Germany
a. Czechs refuse and ask France for help
b. Czechs have a defense treaty with France
Sudetenland
Rhineland
Maginot Line
Czechoslovakia
Austria
I. Nazi Aggression
B. Hitler and the Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)
3. The Munich Conference, Sept. 1938
a. British and French give in to Hitler’s demand, hoping for
peace
b. Czechs not invited
c. Hitler promised to respect the new borders
4. British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain
believed that he had achieved “Peace in our time”
5. Hitler took the rest of Czech 6 months later
II. Outbreak of War
A. Hitler looks towards Poland
1. Hitler wants Poland next
a. Polish corridor be returned to
Germany, including the city
of Danzig
2. Britain and France promise to
aid Poland
3. German Non-Aggression Pact with Soviets
a. No threat of Soviet attack
b. Poland split in half
Sudetenland
East Prussia
Rhineland
Maginot Line
Czechoslovakia
Austria
II. Outbreak of War
A. Hitler looks towards Poland
4. Sept. 1, 1939 – Germans attack Poland
a. Hitler uses his blitzkrieg tactics – “lightning war”
b. 1.5 Million men are carried by truck into Poland
c. Warsaw is overwhelmed, Poland falls in a matter of
weeks
5. WWII has begun
Sudetenland
East Prussia
Rhineland
Maginot Line
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Austria
II. Outbreak of War
B. The Battle for France and Britain
1. On Sept. 3, 1939, France and Britain declare war
on Germany
2. The Phony War – 7 month pause in fighting
3. In May of 1940, Hitler attacks Holland, Belgium,
and Luxembourg
a. The Germans “squeezed between” the Maginot Line and
reached the coasts of France in 10 days
II. Outbreak of War
B. The Battle for France and Britain
4. May 26, 1940 – The miracle at Dunkirk
a. 338,000 soldiers are trapped and surrounded on the coast
b. 850 ships (navy and civilian) rescue them across the
English Channel
5. On June 14, Paris falls to the Germans
a. On June 22, 1940, France surrenders
b. Puppet gov. set up in Vichy France (South)
Sudetenland
East Prussia
Rhineland
Maginot Line
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Vichy
France
Austria
II. Outbreak of War
B. The Battle for France and Britain
6. Britain stands alone against the Nazis
a.
b.
c.
d.
German invasion plan Operation Sea Lion
RAF vs. Luftwaffe – “Battle of Britain”
Germans target airbases first, then turn on British cities
Hitler hoped to break the British morale
7. Battle of Britain lasts until May of 1941 when
Hitler finally calls off the attacks
III. Turning Points
A. Hitler and Operation Barbarossa
1. Early June 22, 1941, Hitler’s tanks roll into the
Soviet Union
2. Soviets have the largest army in the world, but are
completely unprepared
3. Within a few months Hitler drove 500 miles into
Russia
a. Russians retreat, burning everything behind them
b. Russians held out until the Russian winter stopped the
German divisions
Sudetenland
East Prussia
Rhineland
Maginot Line
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Vichy
France
Austria
III. Turning Points
A. Hitler and Operation Barbarossa
4. The Battle of Stalingrad
a. Russians ordered to “hold at all costs”
b. Nov. 1942, Germans own 90% of the city
c. Russians counterattack during
winter (they were more prepared
for it than the Germans)
d. 1-2 million Russians, 260,000
Germans casualties
III. Turning Points
B. North Africa
1. Afrika Corps defeated at El Alamein
a. British Montgomery or “Monty” vs. German Rommel or
“the Desert Fox”
2. American troops land in Morocco
3. British and American troops drive Nazis off the
continent in May of 1943
American Troops
landing
El Alamein
III. Turning Points
C. June 6, 1944 – Allies land in France: D-Day
1. Operation Overlord – 3.5 million troops,
thousands of planes, trucks, tanks, etc.
2. 60 miles of beach were invaded by American,
British, and Canadian forces.
3. Paris was liberated by August of 1944.
III. Turning Points
D. December 16, 1944 – The Battle of the Bulge
1. Hitler tries one last blitzkrieg
2. Hitler attacked the allies in a hope to split the
British and American forces
3. The offensive fails
4. The Germans are no longer able to mount any
offensive actions
III. Turning Points
E. March 1945 – Allies march into Germany
1. By April of 1945, Soviet troops surrounded Berlin
2. Hitler commits suicide on April 29, 1945
3. May 8, 1945 – German unconditional surrender
a.
V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
IV. Pacific War
A. Japanese Expansion
1. 1931 – Japanese invade Manchuria
2. 1937 – Japanese invade the mainland of China
a. Japanese atrocities: Rape of Nanking
3. In order to get more resources and raw materials,
the Japanese invade the rest of Southwest Asia
IV. Pacific War
B. Dec. 7, 1941
1. Japanese surprise attack Pearl Harbor, over 2,000 men die
2. America declares War on Japan
C. The Japanese push out
1. They take Guam, the Philippines, and pushed all they way to
India
IV. Pacific War
D. The Tide Turns
1. Japanese are defeated at the battles of Coral Sea
and Midway in early 1942
a. The Americans go on the offensive
2. American’s begin an “island hopping” campaign
E. Americans drop the Atomic Bomb
1. Japan surrenders Sept 2, 1945