Transcript WWII PART I
WORLD WAR II PART I DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE FAILURE OF WWI PEACE SETTLEMENT Treaty of Versailles- GERMANS SAW NOTHING FAIR IN IT RUSSIA UPSET ABOUT HAVING PART OF THEIR COUNTRY CARVED UP NEW DEMOCRACIES COLLAPSED JOSEPH STALIN- RUSSIA 1922 RUSSIA BECOMES COMMUNIST SOVIET UNION COMMUNISM- = Dictator has control of total economy, collective ownership of property, all goods are equally shared. JOSEPH STALIN- “MAN OF STEEL” ABOLISHED ALL PRIVATE FARMS SET UP COLLECTIVES- LARGE GOVERNMENT OWNED FARMS, WORKED BY HUNDEREDS OF FAMILIES Joseph Stalin Stalin Continued “FIVE YEAR PLAN” TO BECOME THE WORLDS 2ND LARGEST INDUSTRIAL POWER KILLED 8-13 MILLION PEOPLE WHO THREATENED HIS POWER TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT THAT MAINTAINS COMPLETE CONTROL OVER ITS CITIZENS WHICH HAVE NO RIGHTS FASCISM-ITALY BENITO MUSSOLINI CREATED A FASCIST STATE FASCISM- STRESSED NATIONALISM AND PLACED THE INTEREST OF THE STATE ABOVE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUALS NAZISM- GERMANY ADOLF HITLER POWERFUL SPEAKER “MEIN KAMPF” (MY STRUGGLE)HITLERS BOOK THAT THE BASIC BELIEFS OF NAZISM NAZISM- EXTREME NATIONALISM Adolf Hitler BELIEVED THAT GERMANS FORMED A MASTER RACE- RACIAL PURIFICATION- NATIONAL EXPANSIONBELIEVED GERMANY NEEDED MORE LIVING SPACE STORM TROOPERS (BROWN SHIRTS)- HITLERS PRIVATE ARMY 1933 HITLER APPOINTED CHANCELLOR AND ESTABLISHED THE “THIRD REICH” “The Third Reich” “The Second Reich” Weimar Republic “The First Reich” Holy Roman Empire U.S. RESPONDS CAUTIOUSLY AMERICA CLINGS TO ISOLATIONISM 1. 2. NEUTRALITY ACTS OUTLAWED ARMS SALES OR LOANS TO NATIONS AT WAR BAN OR ARMS TO NATIONS ENGAGED IN CIVIL WAR WAR IN EUROPE GERMANY UNITES WITH AUSTRIA 6 MILLION AUSTRIANS WERE GERMAN GERMAN TROOPS MARCHED IN UNOPPOSED THE WORLD DID NOTHING THE SUDETENLAND WESTERN REGION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA- 3 MILLION GERMAN SPEAKING PEOPLE HITLER MASSED HIS TROOPS IN THE BORDER LED TO THE MUNICH AGREEMENT THE SUDETENLAND MUNICH AGREEMENT HITLER, FRENCH PREMIER DALDIER, AND BRITISH PRIME MINISTER NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN HITLER CLAIMED THIS WOULD BE HIS LAST DEMAND EAGER TO AVOID WAR THEY TURNED IT OVER TO HITLER WITHOUT A SHOT BEING FIRED WINSTON CHURCHILL CLAIMED THEY ADOPTED A SHAMEFUL POLICY OF APPEASEMENT APPEASEMENT- GIVING UP PRINCIPLES TO PACIFY AN AGRESSOR NON-AGGRESSION PACT BETWEEN HITLER AND RUSSIA COMMITED TO NEVER ATTACK EACH OTHER AGREED TO DIVIDE POLAND BETWEEN THEM Division of Poland BLITZKRIEG- “LIGHTNING WAR” -TAKE THE ENEMY BY SURPRISE AND THEN QUICKLY CRUSH ALL OPPOSITION WITH OVERWHELMING FORCE THE RESULT OF GERMAN AGRESSION SEPTEMBER 3- FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY POLAND CEASED TO EXIST WORLD WAR II HAD BEGUN PHONY WAR SEVERAL MONTHS OF NO WAR “SITZKRIEG”- THE SITTING WAR ENDED WITH A GERMAN ADVANCE TAKING OVER DENMARK, NORWAY, NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM, AND LUXEMBOURG FALL OF FRANCE GERMAN OFFENSIVE TRAPPED 400,000 FRENCH AND BRITISH TROOPS ITALY ENTERED THE WAR ON THE SIDE OF GERMANY INVADING FRANCE FROM THE SOUTH 300,000 TROOPS SAVED BY CIVILIAN WATERCRAFT BATTLE OF BRITAIN GERMAN INVASION OF LONDON GERMAN AIR FORCE BOMBED THE CITY EVERY NIGHT FOR TWO MONTHS BRITAINS ROYAL AIR FORCE FOUGHT BACK BY DESTROYING 185 GERMAN PLANES SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVICE - RADAR AMERICA MOVES TOWARD WAR CASH-N-CARRY ALLOWED WARRING NATIONS TO BUY US ARMS AS LONG AS THEY TRANSPORTED THEM IN THEIR OWN SHIPS THE AXIS-THREAT TRIPARTITE PACTALLIANCE BETWEEN GERMANY, ITALY, JAPAN AXIS MOTIVES AIMED AT KEEPING THE U.S. OUT OF THE WAR- WOULD REQUIRE A TWO FRONT WAR FOR THE U.S. FDR BEGINS PROVIDING AID TO BRITAIN CONGRESS PASSED THE FIRST PEACETIME MILITARY DRAFT LEND-LEASE BRITAIN HAD NO MORE CASH THE U.S. WOULD LEND ARMS AND OTHER SUPPLIES TO ANY COUNTRY WHOSE DEFENSE WAS VITAL TO THE UNITED STATES EXTENDED TO THE SOVIET UNION GERMAN WOLF PACKS GERMAN U-BOATS PATROLLED THE NORTH ATLANTIC FIRING ON CONVOYS FDR GRANTED US WARSHIPS THE RIGHT TO ATTACK U-BOATS IN SELF-DEFENSE ATLANTIC CHARTER SECRET MEETING BETWEEN ROOSEVELT AND BRITISH PRIME MINISTER WINSTON CHURCHILL JOINT DECALRATION OF WAR AIMS ALLIES- THOSE NATIONS THAT WOULD FIGHT THE AXIS POWERS SHOOT ON SIGHT USS GREER, THE PINK STAR MERCHANT SHIP, USS KEARNEY, AND THE USS RUEBEN JAMES ATTACKED UNITED STATES STARTS ARMING MERCHANT SHIPS JAPAN ATTCKS THE UNITED STATES MILITARISM- JAPAN GLORIFICATION OF MILITARY LAUNCHED A SURPRISE INVASION OF MANCHURIA CONDEMENDED BY THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, BUT SIMPLY LEFT THE LEAGUE PUT MILITARIST IN FIRM CONTROL OF JAPAN FAILURES OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS JAPANESE INVASION OF CHINA GERMANY BEGAN A MILITARY BUILD-UP GERMANY SENT TROOPS INTO THE RHINELAND (VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES) ITALY INVADED ETHIOPIA AMBITIONS IN THE PACIFIC HIDEKI TOJO- CHIEF OF STAFF OF JAPAN’S ARMY TOOK OVER MILITARY BASES IN INDOCHINA (VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, LAOS) U.S. CUTOFF TRADE WITH THE JAPANESE INCLUDED ONE GOOD THEY COULD NOT LIVE WITHOUTOIL PEACE TALKS FAILED THE ATTACK DEC. 7 1941- “A DAY THAT WILL LIVE IN INFAMY”- FDR 180 JAPANESE WAR PLANES FROM SIX AIRCRAFT CARRIERS FOR NEARLY TWO HOURS , PLANES ATTACKED TARGET AFTER TARGET 2,403 KILLED AND 1,178 WOUNDED SUNK OR DAMAGED 21 SHIPS8 BATTLESHIPS AND 300 AIRCRAFTS MISSED KEY TARGETS 1. 3 CARRIERS OUT AT SEA 2. MISSED FUEL STORAGE AREAS A STRIKING RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN 12/7 AND 9/11?????