Transcript World War II Part 1

Note Guide:
World War II
The War in Europe
(Atlantic area)
1.) The Coming War
A. March 1939- Germany turn to
Poland to recover Polish
Corridor
B. Poland refuses demands
1. France and GB give support
2.) The War Begins
A. Sept. 1, 1939- Germany
invades Poland
B. Sept. 4, 1939- GB and France
declare war on Germany
C. ***WWII BEGINS***
3.) The Sides
A. Allies
1. England
2. France
3. Poland
4. Later USA
5. Later USSR
B. Axis
1. Germany
2. Italy
3. Japan
4. USSR
• (non-aggression
pact)
4.) Blitzkrieg in Eastern Europe
A.
Blitzkrieg- German style of warfare
consisting of quick, concentrated
attacks on land and sea (reaction
against WWI)
B. Sept. 27, 1939- Poland surrenders
1. Poland conquered in 4 weeks
2. Hitler and Stalin divide Poland
C. USSR prepares for invasion of Finland
5.) Blitzkrieg in Western Europe
A. “Phony War”
1. No real fighting in winter of 1939-1940
B. France establishes the Maginot
Line
2. heavily defended forts along German, French
border
C. 1940 Germans begin advances
3. Denmark, Norway, Netherlands,
Luxembourg, Belgium
6.) Invasion of France
A. Germany attacks through
Belgium
1. Divides the Allies (Paris and coast)
B. British troops trapped at Dunkirk
1. all available vessels sent to rescue troops
2. 300,000 Allies escape to Britain
C. Germans continue through
France
7.) French Resistance
A. Free French
B. Led by Charles de Gaulle
C. Secret, underground
resistance
8.) France is Conquered
A. June 10, 1940- Mussolini declares war on France
1. Italy attacks southern France
B. June 14- Germans march on Paris
1. France surrenders to save Paris from
destruction
C. French sign armistice where Germany
surrendered WWI
1. Germany occupied N. France
2. Puppet Govt. est in S. France= Vichy Govt.
( Paris; April 1940)
Aug 8, 1940- The Battle of Britain
9.) Battle of Britain
A. Germans tried to control the
skies so they could invade by sea
B. British successful in
maintaining control of the air
C. Germans then began
bombing cities to break
morale
10.) Blitz of London
A. “The Blitz”- Britain bombed day
and night
B. German subs block shipments of
supplies from the USA
C. RAF aided by radar
1. used to spot enemy aircraft
D. Allies broke German secret code
1. enigma
11.) Britain Holds Out
A. Winston Churchill (PM)- refuses
to give in to Hitler
1. “We will never give up, never surrender”
B. Hitler continues the blitz until
Spring 1941
1. Air raids avoids GB’s navy
C. By fall German losses cause
Hitler to give up
12.) US Role in Battle of Britain
A. March 1941Congress passes
Lend-Lease Act
1. FDR could sell,
lease or lend
military equipment
to countries whose
defense was vital to
US security
13.) Invasion of USSR
A. June 22 1941 Hitler invades
B. Why USSR?
1. Hates Communism
2. Land for German settlers
3. Grain for Germans
4. Oil, coal, iron ore for war effort
C. USSR joins the Allies
14.) German advancements in
USSR
A. Stalin caught off-guard
B. Nazi armies move quickly into
Russia
C. "Scorched-earth": Soviets
burn everything as they
retreated
Europe Under Hitler
• Size of Hitler’s Empire
– Atlantic to USSR
– Norway to North Africa
15. Battle of Stalingrad
A. 1942 Russians
refuse to
surrender
B. Nazi get stopped
by harsh winter
weather
C. No food or
supplies
16. The Tide Turns
A. Marshal Zhukov plans counter-attack
1. troops from Siberia arrive
2. Encircle German army in Stalingrad
B. Hitler refuses to let Germans
surrender
1. Hitler losses over 300,000 men
C. **Turning point in Eastern Europe**
1. Soviets begin push toward Berlin
17. North African Campaign
A.
Germany and Italy conquers all of
North Africa except Egypt (British)
B. Battle of El Alamein
1. Axis led by Erwin Rommel
a. The “Desert Fox”
2. Allies led by Bernard Montgomery
3. Axis Powers driven from Africa
4. Turning Point in North Africa
5. Launch point of invasion of Italy
18. D-Day (Operation Overload):
Allied invasion of Normandy
(June 6, 1944)
A. Allies led by Gen. Dwight
Eisenhower
MAP OF THE
INVASION
SOLDIERS HEADING
FOR THE BEACH
Push Towards Germany
19. Defeat of Germany
A. Fall 1944 Germans hopeless
1. Soviets on East
2. US, GB on West
B. German cities and civilians
being bombed by Allies
B-17 Bomber
bombed German city
20. Battle of the Bulge
A. Dec. 1944
B. Germans break through western
lines
C. Germans halt offensive- ran out
of gas, unable to crush US
D. Germany’s last offensive
21. Victory in Europe
A. April 1945- US and Soviet troops
meet in Berlin
B. April 30,1945- Hitler commits
suicide in underground quarters in
Berlin
C. May 8, 1945 VE Day- Germany
surrenders unconditionally
22. WWII’s Aftermath
A. Most costly war in human
history
1. 50 million dead
2. 10 million die in concentration camps
3. Homeless refugees
4. Vast areas of destruction
VI.) The War in Asia
The
Pacific
Theater
A.) Japanese felt they had a
“manifest destiny” to
dominate Asia
B.) Japan invades Manchuria
(1931)
• 1.) for natural resources
• 2.) wanted to replace western rule in Asia
w/ Japanese
• 3.) said they were chasing bandits
• 4.) League of Nations condemned Japan
• 5.) Japan pulled out of the League
League of Nations political cartoon
C.) Japan
invades
China
(1937)
Pearl Harbor
• Only US could challenge
Japanese expansion
• US embargo- ban of sale of raw
materials to Japan
• Japan joins Axis Powers
believing war with US was
unavoidable
D.) Dec. 7, 1941 - Japanese
attack U.S. naval base at
Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii
U.S.S. Arizona
Pearl Harbor
• Dec. 7, 1941- attack on Pearl Harbor
• Easy targets- ships in harbor, planes on
runaways
• Much of Pacific fleet and air force
destroyed
• Same time Japan attacks US islands in
Pacific and British holdings
• Dec.8 1941-US,GB declare war on Japan
– Germany, Italy declare war on US
E.) U.S. vs. Japan
• 1.) 15% of our troops sent to the
Pacific
– The Rest are sent to Europe to defeat
Germany (Hitler) first
Battle of Midway
Battle of Midway = The
Turning Point in the Pacific
2.) Pacific forces led by
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
Island Hopping
( U.S. troops in the Pacific, 1942 )
U.S. Marines raising the flag on Iwo Jima
3.) Kamakazee attacks on US
Navy
• 4.) After a series of victories
plans were made to invade Japan
F.) Atom bombs
1.) Aug. 6, 1945 - Atomic
bomb dropped on Hiroshima,
Japan
• 2.) Aug. 9, 1945 - A-bomb
dropped on Nagasaki, Japan
July 1945
Nagasaki
3.) Japan surrendered
( Sept. 2, 1945 )
G.) August
14, 1945 Victory in
Japan
(V-J Day)
H.) Japan to be occupied
by U.S. troops
T H E
E N D