Transcript World War Two

World War Two
Who’s Who in WWII?
Grand Alliance Leaders
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United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end)
Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill
France – Eduard Daldier (PM); Marshal Pétain and Pierre Laval
in Vichy France; Charles de Gaulle in GB
Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
Axis Leaders
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Italy – Benito Mussolini
Germany – Adolf Hitler
Japan – Emperor Hirohito & Prime Minister Tojo
War in Europe - Alliances
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1939: Non-aggression pact b/w Soviet Union and
Germany
1939: Non-aggression pact b/w Soviet Union and
Japan
1939: Great Britain & Poland w/France
1940: Italy joins Germany vs. France
1941: U.S., France, Great Britain, Soviet Union (Grand
Alliance) vs. Axis Powers (Ger, It, Jap)
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The Soviet Union is invaded, June 1941, changing sides
Technology of Warfare
Maginot Line – Underground fortress
 Tanks
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Particularly German Panzer and Tiger versions
Blitzkrieg (Tanks + Air Support)
Types of Naval Equipment:
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Submarines – continuing to advance
Battleships – increasingly less useful
Destroyers – submarine hunters (Sonar developed)
Aircraft Carriers – essential in the Pacific
Technology of Warfare
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Light machine guns
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New styles of aircraft & techniques of attack
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Designed for use by one or two people at most
German Luftwaffe (air force)
Royal Air Force deals with “the Blitz” in the Battle of
Britain (Radar developed)
Mass bombings of military & civilian sites
Atomic bombs
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U.S. invented & owned = Nagasaki & Hiroshima
War in Europe
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Sept. 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland
Sept. 3 – France & GB declare war
Sept. 28 – Germany and SU divide Poland
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April 9, 1940 – Germany attacks Denmark & Norway
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Blitzkrieg and Panzer Divisions
End of the “phony war”
May 10 - Germany attacks France, Belgium, &
Netherlands – Maginot doesn’t hold up
War in Europe - 1940
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Trapped at Dunkirk
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Nazis move through Ardennes forest, split Allied troops
June 5 Germany attacks Southern France
June 10 Italy declares war on France
June 22 France surrenders
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3/5 go to Germany- Nazi-occupied France
2/5 go to Marshal Henri Petain = Vichy France = authoritarian
regime (Nazi puppet government)
Charles de Gaulle in GB
War in Europe - 1940
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May 10, 1940 Winston Churchill elected PM
Aug. 1940 Luftwaffe invades GB
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End of Sept. = Germany lost Battle of Britain
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Radar system
Ultra intelligence operation
Hitler focuses in Egypt & Suez Canal (think Napoleon) but Italy
inept
End of July, 1940 – prepare to invade SU
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Hungary, Bulgaria & Romania on board
Yugoslavia & Greece taken in April 1940
War in Europe - 1941
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March 1941 – U.S. Lend-Lease Act
June 22, 1941 - Operation Barbarossa
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Aug. 1941 – Atlantic Charter
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Launch attack along 1,800 mile front against SU
Took Ukraine, Leningrad
w/in 25 miles of Moscow, early winter, SU resistance = German army
halted (1st time in WWII)
U.S. and GB meet to discuss goals for war – Wilson’s 14 Points
upheld
Dec. 11 Germany declares war on US after US declares
war on Japan
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Grand Alliance = unconditional surrender
War in Europe - 1942
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Spring 1942 – Germans capture Crimea
Fall 1942, Afrika Korps under Rommel break
British defenses, but by May 1943 Germans and
Italians surrender
Nov., 42 – Feb., 43 Battle of Stalingrad
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German Sixth Army destroyed
SU can’t be beat – How do they do it? (pg. 793)
July 5-12, 1943 Battle of Kursk : beginning of end of
Eastern Front
Battle of
Stalingrad
Conference in Tehran
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Nov. 1943, Tehran, IRAN
Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt – what will final
phase of WWII look like?
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Churchill – move from Africa and Italy to
indirectly attack Germany through Balkans
Stalin & Roosevelt – open a second front in
France in spring 1944
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North-South divide line through Germany
Eastern Europe to be liberated by SU
War in Europe – 1944-45
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June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord
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Battle of Normandy
amphibious assault lead by Dwight D. Eisenhower
the deception of Calais
end Aug. 1944, Liberation of Paris
Dec. 16, 1944 - Battle of the Bulge
(German counteroffensive = Allied victory)
March 1945 – Allied forces cross
the Rhine
end of April meet Russians at the Elbe
Yalta Conference, Feb. 1945
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Western powers meet in Ukraine
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Discuss future of Germany
Stalin unsure of West’s intentions – wants buffer
zone btw. SU and West
Roosevelt wants “self-determination” and free
elections; asks SU to aid USA against Japan
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Stalin agrees – receives warm-water ports,
Sakhalin & Kurile Islands; railroad rights in
Manchuria
United Nations - meet in San Francisco, April ‘45
The End of WWII in Europe - 1945
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April 28 Mussolini executed
April 30 Hitler commits suicide in Berlin
May 7 German commanders surrender
Potsdam Conference: July, 1945
 FDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime
Minister during conference. Stalin only
original.
 The United States
has the A-bomb.
 Allies agree Germany
is to be divided into
occupation zones
 Truman demands free
elections in the East
P.M. Clement President
 Stalin = free elections
Atlee
Truman
would be “anti-Soviet,
and that [he] could not allow.”
Joseph
Stalin
The Manhattan Project:
Los Alamos,
NM
Major General
Lesley R. Groves
Dr. Robert
Oppenheimer
I am become
death,
the shatterer
of worlds!
Tinian Island, 1945
Little Boy
Fat Man
Enola Gay Crew
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
© 70,000 killed
immediately.
© 48,000 buildings.
destroyed.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning &
cancer later.
Bombing Hiroshima
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
© 40,000 killed
immediately.
© 60,000 injured.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning
& cancer later.
Bombing of Nagasaki
The Cold War begins…
Concentration Camps
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Concentration Camps
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Different types existed
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Political Camps
Labor Camps
Death Camps
Different Victims
Dec. 7, 1941 Night and Fog decree
Night and Fog
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SS Reichsführer Himmler issued the following instructions to
the Gestapo.
"After lengthy consideration, it is the will of the Führer that
the measures taken against those who are guilty of offenses
against the Reich or against the occupation forces in
occupied areas should be altered. The Führer is of the
opinion that in such cases penal servitude or even a hard
labor sentence for life will be regarded as a sign of weakness.
An effective and lasting deterrent can be achieved only by
the death penalty or by taking measures which will leave
the family and the population uncertain as to the fate of the
offender. Deportation to Germany serves this purpose."
“The Final
Solution” –
Jan 20, 1942
– Wannsee
Conference
(pg. 330, End of
European Era)
Warsaw Ghetto
Auschwitz
Anne Frank: 12 March 1945 at
Bergen-Belsen
Mass Grave at Bergen-Belsen