Transcript document

Friday, October 25th
* Also, make sure you have turned in the following this
week: Letter to Congressman, 6 Ways of Looking @
New Deal, New Deal Philosophical Chairs wksh., Brain
Chain wksh., Primary Source packet on Appeasement
Bell Work: Please log-on to your computer and visit
the class wiki’s “Vocab and SFIs” page and spend the
first 15 minutes of class reviewing the vocab for Unit
9. If you did not finish your letter yesterday in class,
please turn it in to the homework bin now.
Daily Agenda:
Do Now: Vocabulary Acquisition
Word of the Day Review
Notes: World War II Unveiled
Pass-Fail Quiz #2
Debate Planning and Research
Homework: Read articles on Atomic
Bombing and complete debate
planning sheet.
Placid - Serene; Calm or quiet;
undisturbed
by tumult or disorder
Why is this a Non-Example of the word PLACID?
(Non-Example)
October 25,Block 2
Placid - Serene; Calm or quiet;
undisturbed
by tumult or disorder
The faces in this picture show panic
and stress. They are making an attempt
to flee towards or away from
something. This scene is not calm or
quiet, but quite the opposite.
(Non-Example)
October 25, Block 2
Fiasco – A complete failure; debacle
(Review Lesson from Thurs)
*Complete a Poem*
Haiku
Arrived late to game (5 syllables)
Players got sick on the field (7 syllables)
(5 syllables)
(Complete a Poem)
October 25, Block 4
Fiasco – A complete failure; debacle
(Possible Answer)
*Complete a Poem*
Haiku
Arrived late to game (5 syllables)
Players got sick on the field (7 syllables)
What a Fiasco (5 syllables)
(Complete a Poem)
October 25 , Block 4
Unit 9 Notes
Timeline to War
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria (1931)
Japan operated a railway in Manchuria that was
dynamited in mid-1931.
In response, the Japanese blamed Chinese
dissidents and began an invasion of Manchuria
(where the railroad was located)
The Japanese military staged a full invasion of
Manchuria without the Emperor’s permission.
When the local government fled, a “Peoples
Preservation Committee” was put in place that
immediately voted to secede from China.
The Manchukuo was formed
Action went unpunished by League of Nations
World Disarmament Conference (1932)
Meeting between the League of Nations, U.S., and
USSR to discuss Reduction and Limitation of
Armaments
Disagreements arose over what constituted
"offensive" and "defensive" weapons, and the
polarization of France and Germany.
The U.S. and British were unprepared to offer the
additional security commitments that France
requested in exchange for limitation of French
armaments.
The talks failed when Hitler withdrew Germany
from the conference and League of Nations.
Stimson Doctrine (1932)
U.S. policy toward China and Japan of nonrecognition of international territorial changes
affected by force.
U.S. would not recognize any changes made in
China that would curtail American treaty rights in
the area and that the "open door" must be
maintained.
Japanese, however, were not dissuaded by nonrecognition and continued their aggression,
confident that the U.S. would not take stronger
action because of the heavy economic restrictions
of the Depression.
Good Neighbor Policy (1933)
United States shifted to other methods to
maintain its influence in Latin America: PanAmericanism, support for strong local leaders, the
training of national guards, economic and cultural
penetration, Export-Import Bank loans, financial
supervision, and political subversion.
The Good Neighbor Policy meant that the United
States would keep its eye on Latin America in a
more peaceful tone
Sec. Of State Cordell Hull: "No country has the
right to intervene in the internal or external
affairs of another"
Neutrality Act (1935)
Sought to ensure that the US would not
become entangled again in foreign
conflicts
Made no distinction between aggressor
and victim, treating both equally as
"belligerents“
Limited the US government's ability to
aid Britain against Nazi Germany
1935 – No trade to “Belligerents”
1937 – No loans or travel; “Cash-and-Carry”
1939 – Renews expired “Cash-and-Carry” provision
Spanish Civil War (1936)
Falangists (Fascists) revolted against the
Republican govt. in Spain.
While some individual Americans went to
Spain to support the republican cause
(Abraham Lincoln Brigade), the U.S. and
Britain agreed to offer no assistance to
either side despite their sympathies to
the Republican movement.
Italy and Germany openly and actively
supported the Falangists
FDR’s “Quarantine” Speech (1937)
After Japan invaded China’s 5 Northern
Provinces, FDR felt they could not go
unpunished.
In a speech he declared that all aggressor
nations should be “quarantined” by the
international community.
While being intentionally vague, the speech
outraged isolationists in the U.S. and FDR
refused to commit to any collective action
against Japan.
USS Panay sunk by Japan (1937)
USS Panay traveled up the Yangtze River to
protect American business interests in China.
Japanese pilots bombed the gunboat in broad
daylight
Japanese claimed the bombing was an accident
despite clear skies and large American flag
painted on the deck of the boat.
American officials accepted an apology from the
Japanese to pacify isolationists pressures.
Cash-and-Carry Act (1937)
Allowed the sale of material to
belligerents, as long as the recipients
arranged for the transport and paid
immediately in cash.
Created a sense of neutrality while allowing
the U.S. to aid Britain.
Also increased manufacturing in the midst
of the Roosevelt Recession and prevented
U.S. businesses from tying their success to
a belligerent nation.
St. Louis – Voyage of the Damned (1939)
Nazi allow large vessel packed with 900
Jewish exiles to sail for Havana for
permanent relocation
When they arrived, they were turned away
by the Cuban government
FDR forbid them from entering the U.S.
They were also turned away by Canada,
before returning to England, France, the
Netherlands, and Belgium
Why did Hitler do it?
Aggressive Actions in Europe:
Aug. 1939 – Non-Aggression Pact between
Germany and Soviet Union
Sept. 1 ’39 – Germany Invades Poland
Sept. 3 – Britain declares war on Germany
Fall ’39 – Phony War
Spring 1940 – Germany invades Denmark,
Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, then France
June 1940 – Italy invades southern France
(Vichy government set up)
Sept 1940 – Tripartite Pact signed
between Germany, Japan, and Italy
Dec. 7, 1941 – Japanese Attack on Pearl
Harbor
Roosevelt’s Challenge
Soviet’s sought
immediate relief
through the opening of
a second (Western)
front in Europe.
British preferred to
attack the outer
boarders of Nazi
territory in North Africa
and Southern Europe.
Eager to engage
American forces in
fighting, FDR sided with
the British.
Battle for North Africa
Americans arrive late in
1942 to support British
forces fighting against
“Desert Fox” Rommel.
British drove back
Germans in Egypt, while
U.S. troops pushed east
from Morocco.
By May of 1943, German
troops were forced to
retreat from Tunisia.
Battle for North Africa
Major victories occurred at El Alamein and
Tunis, while the German’s succeeded at
Kasserine Pass.
Fighting was dominated by tank-warfare and
air support.
Growing Soviet Anger
The dedication of
troops to North
Africa delayed the
invasion of France.
In addition, Hitler
dedicated a
tremendous force
to the capture of
Stalingrad with no
regard to losses
Italian Invasion
With a Soviet victory
at Stalingrad,
Churchill and FDR met
at Casablanca and
decided upon an
invasion of Italy.
Beginning in May of
1943, the allies
invaded Sicily and the
Italian mainland.
By June 1944, they
had controlled as far
north as Rome and
were surging.
Allied Success in the Pacific
At the Battle of Coral
Sea, U.S. aircraft
carriers prevented a
Japanese invasion of
Australia.
Though we lost more
ships, it was a symbolic
victory as the first
time Japanese
expansion was
prevented.
Allied Success in the Pacific
In April 1942, James
Doolittle led a convoy of 16
bombers on a mission to
strike back at Japan.
Using land-based planes
launched from an aircraft
carrier, they attacked 16
targets before heading to
China and Russia.
None of the planes made it
back, though the crews of
14 planes would eventually
return home.
The Battles of Midway
In June 1942, the Japanese
attacked the Midway Islands
in hopes of eliminating the
American fleet in the
Pacific.
Code breakers identified
the date and time of attack
and the U.S. destroyed 5
major ships while losing only
2.
Loss devastated the
Japanese and gave the U.S.
the initiative in battle.
Guadalcanal
Japanese used the Solomon Islands to interrupt
U.S. connections with Australia
Beginning in Aug. 1942, allied forces overwhelmed
the outnumbered Japanese in a series of three
major land battles, 5 naval battles, and constant
aerial attacks.
After 7 months of fighting, U.S. was victorious in
its first “combined forces” fighting.
In the process, allied forces killed 30,000 enemy
troops, destroyed 38 ships, and eliminated over
800 aircraft (and pilots).
Guadalcanal
The Burma Road
The allies began
using the Burma
Road to connect
British supplies in
India to Chinese
allies.
This prompted the
Japanese invasion
of Burma in 1942.
The Normandy Invasion
June 6, 1944 – over
160,000 allied troops
invade the Normandy
coastline.
Established a
threatening 2nd front
against Germany
Signified the beginning
of the end for
Germany but also the
race for Europe by the
allies
Battle of the Bulge
After liberating Paris, allied troops made a
push towards Germany.
Hitler order one final massive offensive in
the Ardennes forest in Belgium.
Despite 89,000 U.S. casualties, the allies
held the offensive and eventually depleted
Germany of its ability to defend itself.
Four months later, Hitler would commit
suicide as allied forces approached Berlin.
V-E Day
May 8, 1945 –
Hitler’s
replacement Karl
Donitz signs an
“unconditional
surrender” ending
European fighting
in WWII.
Back in the Pacific
Oct. 1944 – Leyte Gulf  Largest naval battle in
history
American force included 34 carriers, 12
battleships, 24 cruisers, 141 destroyers, and over
1500 planes
Japanese force = 4 carriers, 9 battleships, 35
destroyers and 300+ planes.
Losses: Americans  3 carriers, 2 destroyers and
1500 lives. Japanese  4 carriers, 3 battleships,
20 destroyers, and over 10,000 lives
Afterward, the little of the Japanese navy that
remained was too short on fuel to leave their ports.
Battle of Iwo Jima
1st Allied invasion of
Japanese home islands
Strategic airfields for
bombing
110,000 U.S. troops (24%
casualty rate)
Only battle in which
Marine casualties
exceeded Japanese
casualties
Over 3000 sorties would
be flown from Iwo Jima
to Japan afterward
Battle of Okinawa
June 1945 (82 day battle)
548,000 U.S. troops
involved (84,525 casualties,
nearly 50,000 deaths).
As many as 280,000
Japanese killed
Final major battle in the
Pacific
Set the scale and tone for
an invasion of Japan
Casualty rate helped prompt
decision to use atomic
bombs