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Bellringer
A violation of civil rights that occurred in the United
States during World War II was the
A. arrests made as a result of the Palmer raids
B. passage of an open immigration law
C. internment of Japanese Americans
D. forced removal of Native American Indians from
their reservations
Learning Targets
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U8T14 - I can describe the causes and
consequences of the Holocaust.
U8T15 – I can explain America’s reaction to
the Holocaust and other war crimes.
U8T16 – I can explain the results of the
Nuremburg Trials
Crimes of WWII
1.
2.
Crimes Against Peace
 Planning, preparing or initiating a war of
aggression.
War Crimes
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This meant breaking the rules of war. It included killing
prisoners or war and destroying homes and property
Crimes Against Humanity
3.
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The murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and
other inhumane acts committed against any civilian
population before or during the war.
Think-Pair-Share
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What crimes against peace have we
already discussed during this unit?
The Holocaust
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The State sponsored, systematic persecution
and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi
Germany and its collaborators between 1933
and 1945.
“Final Solution” : name given to the plan to
exterminate the Jewish population
The Victims
It is true that not all victims were Jews, but all Jews were victims.
- Elie Wiesel, 1995
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Jews
Political Opponents
Habitual Criminals
Handicapped
Homosexuals
Jehovah’s Witnesses
Roma (Gypsies)
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Poles
Freemasons
Immigrants
Soviet P.O.W.’s
American P.O.W.’s
African-Germans
Conditions of camps
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Three different types of
camps:
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Labor Camps
Extermination Camps
Transit Camps
Victims in camps suffered
from:
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Starvation
Exhaustion
Brutality
Executions
Jewish Losses
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The estimated number
of Jewish fatalities
during the Holocaust
is usually given
between 5.1 and 6
million victims. The
true number will never
be known.
Poland
Soviet Union
Hungary
Romania
Lithuania
Germany
Netherlands
Bohemia & Moravia
France
Latvia
Slovakia
Greece
Yugoslavia
Austria
Belgium
Italy
Luxembourg
Estonia
Norway
Denmark
Finland
Albania
Bulgaria
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
88%
33%
70%
35%
90%
27%
75%
84%
24%
75%
76%
80%
72%
27%
44%
20%
50%
33%
55%
1.3%
2.8%
0
0
0
0
0
2,900,000
1,000,000
550,000
271,000
140,000
134,500
100,000
78,150
77,320
70,000
68,000
60,000
56,200
50,000
28,900
7,680
1,950
1,500
762
60
7
0
0
0
0
0
Holocaust Images
America’s Early Response During
the War
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Read about the Evian Conference and
answer the first 2 questions under “Allies
first response”
Read the article about the St. Louis and
answer the last 2 questions under “Allies
first response”
Americas Second Response- The Nuremburg Trials
Nov. 20, 1945 – Oct. 1, 1946
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Who will be held accountable? Can leaders
of nations be held responsible?
Nuremburg Trials: The International
Military Tribunal (court of justice) of
1946, convened by the U.S., British,
French and Soviets, which convicted the
major Nazi leaders who survived World
War II
Who Should Be Tried?
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The first job facing the court at Nuremberg
was to decide who should be tried.
24 Nazi’s were indicted (Hitler and some
other leading officers committed suicide
before the trials began)
21 stood trial
18 convicted
Nuremberg Impact
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First time to hold national leaders
accountable for their crimes against
humanity
The details of what the Nazi’s had done
became vivid to the rest of the world
Nazis were imprisoned or executed for
their involvement in the Holocaust
Japan’s Crimes of War
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ShangHai Invasion: In 1938, Japan invaded
ShangHai bombing the entire city and
killing thousands of innocent civilians
Nanjing Massacre: in 1939, Japan
invaded the capital city of China,
Nanjing. Soldier killed 30,000 men and
children, 20,000 women were raped and
brutally murdered.
America’s Decision to Drop the
Atomic Bomb
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Manhattan Project: a
secret military
project created in
1942 to produce the
first US nuclear
weapon
When the leading
scientists saw the first
bomb drop he said
“Now I am become Death,
the destroyer of worlds."
What should America DO?
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VE Day
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Tuesday 8 May 1945 was 'Victory in Europe'
(VE) Day, and it marked the formal end of Hitler's
war.
War on the Pacific Front Continued with
high causalities on both sides…no victory
was in the near future
A Decision is Made
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August 6, 1945 atomic
bomb is dropped
Hiroshima, Japan.
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On August 9th, 1945
atom bomb is dropped
on Nagasaki.
Dropping the Atomic bomb:
victimization or triumph?
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The dropping of the atom bomb on Japan is
remembered in two different ways.
Read the Historical Narratives.
Partner A/B – you are looking for facts that
support the victimization argument
Partners A/B – you are looking for facts that
support the triumph argument
Record facts on your handout
Victimization Evidence
Triumph Evidence
Reasons for dropping the A-Bomb
1. Potsdam Declaration, U.S. asks Japan to surrender.
Japan believed “unconditional surrender” was not
tolerable.
2. Americans were suffering many casualties and the
Japanese were showing no signs of possible negotiation.
3. A cease fire was non-negotiable.
4. If the United States dropped the atomic bomb, surrender
and peace would probably occur.
Hiroshima, Japan
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The atomic bomb that exploded over
Hiroshima killed civilian women and
children in addition to soldiers.
Hiroshima's population has been estimated
at 350,000; approximately 70,000 died
immediately from the explosion and
another 70,000 died from radiation within
five years.
End of WWII
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VJ Day (Victory in
Japan Day) August
14th, 1945
The worst war in
history is officially over
Think-Pair-Share Discussion
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The dropping of the atomic bomb was not
considered a war crime in 1945
Should the dropping of the atomic bomb be
considered a crime against humanity?
Prove your argument with at least 3 pieces
of evidence.
Exit Slip
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Improve answers on Pre-Assessment to
reach mastery “3”