Transcript AMERICA IN THE MODERN AGE - MissDWorldofSocialStudies

AMERICA IN THE MODERN
AGE
WORLD WAR II
THE COLD WAR
THE KOREAN WAR
 SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major
developments, and the domestic impact of World War II,
especially the growth of the federal government.
 b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the
internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and
Italian-Americans.
 c. Explain major events; include the lend-lease program, the
Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin.
 d. Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, wartime conversion, and the role of women in war industries
 e. Describe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and
military implications of developing the atomic bomb.
SSUSH20 : The student will analyze the domestic and
international impact of the Cold War
on the United States.
a. Describe the creation of the Marshall Plan,
U.S. commitment to Europe, the Truman
Doctrine, and the origins and implications of
the containment policy.
b. Explain the impact of the new communist
regime in China, the outbreak of the Korean
War
Essential questions:
1. How did the United States’ national crisis’ in the 1930’s
and WWII lead to changes in the political, social,
economic and cultural identity of the USA?
2. What impact did the Cold war have the USA?
Vocabulary:













Lend-Lease Act
Allies
Winston Churchill
Stalingrad
The Italian campaign
D-Day
Douglas Macarthur
Midway
Battle of the Coral Sea
Kamikaze
Wagner Act
National Labor Relations Act
Manhattan Project















Harry Truman
Eleanor Roosevelt
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Dwight Eisenhower
Hitler
Nazi
Huey Long
Court Packing Bill
Neutrality Act
President Roosevelt
A. Philip Randolph
War Production Board
Rosie the Riveter
Old age insurance
WORLD WAR II
RISE OF DICTATORS

Three (3) events that led
to their rise
Great Depression in Europe
following WWI.
Anger over the Treaty of
Versailles
1.
2.

Germany
Strong sense of nationalism
3.

Desire that all peoples with
like languages and cultures
should be together in one
country.
BENITO MUSSOLINI
 Leads the Fascist Party
of Italy to power in
1922.
 Outlaws all political
parties except Fascists.
 Takes control of press,
schools, religion.
 Invades Ethiopia with
no interference by the
League of Nations.
ADOLF HITLER
 Head of the Nazi Party in
Germany- 1933
 Blames Jews for German
problems and calls for the
creation of the Aryan Race.

Blond haired, blue-eyed
Germans
 Creates a totalitarian state
in which Nazi Party
controls all of the govt.,
schools, and religion.
JAPAN
 Hirohito- Emperor of
Japan.
 Militarists dominate
the government.

Hideki Tojo- War
Minister.
 1932- Seizes
Manchuria in China.
 1936- leaves the
League of Nations and
invades rest of China.
JOSEPH STALIN
 Succeeds Lenin upon his
death in 1922.
 Had all of his political
opponents killed.
 Govt. takes control of all
aspects of economy.
 Signs pact with Germany
to stay out of war.
 Later joins with Allies after
Germany attacks Russia
WINSTON CHURCHILL
 Becomes Prime Minister of
Great Britain in 1940.
 Noted for his stirring
speeches and bulldog
confidence.
 Leads Britain against Nazi
aggression.
 Pressures for the United
States to enter the war.
FDR-ELECTION OF
1936
Franklin Roosevelt up for a
second term
 His New deal is very popular
but it is not working
 Depression has not turned
around
 Thinks war is inevitable but
America is isolationist in the
1930’s
 Roosevelt wins all but 2
states
THE BEGINING OF THE WAR
 1935: Germany rearms.
 1936: Germany takes the Rhineland.
 1937: Germany, Italy, Japan form the
Axis Powers.
 1938: Germany seizes Sudetenland
and Austria.
 1939: Germany invades
Czechoslovakia.
EUROPEAN RESPONSE
 Britain and France adopt appeasement
policy at Munich Conference to let
Hitler have what he has taken.
 America adopts Neutrality Acts.
 Soviet Union signs Nazi-Soviet Pact to
agree not to attack each other.
 September 1, 1939: Germany invades
Poland.
EUROPEAN RESPONSE
 September 3, 1939: Britain and France
declare war on Germany.
THE WORLD AT WAR
 Hitler uses blitzkrieg “lightning war”
against Europe.
 Spring, 1940: Germany invades
Denmark, Belgium, and France.
 June, 1940- France falls to the Nazis.

Hitler presides over the surrender in
the same railroad car as the 1918
Armistice.
Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937
When the President proclaimed the existence of a
foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically
go into effect:
 Prohibited sales of arms to belligerent nations.
 Prohibited loans and credits to belligerent nations.
 Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations at
war [in contrast to WW I].
 Non-military goods must be purchased on a “cash-andcarry” basis  pay when goods are picked up.
This limited the options of the President in a crisis.
America in the 1930s declined to build up its forces
because it was isolationist
1939 Neutrality Act
In response to Germany’s invasion of Poland.
FDR persuades Congress in special session to allow the
US to aid European democracies in a limited way:
 The US could sell weapons to the European
democracies on a “cash-and-carry” basis.
 FDR was authorized to proclaim danger zones which
US ships and citizens could not enter.
Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act:
 Aggressors could not send ships to buy US munitions.
 The US economy improved as European demands for
war goods helped bring the country out of the
1937-38 recession. America becomes the “Arsenal
of Democracy.”
LEND-LEASE
 1941 proposal to Congress
by Roosevelt.

British running short on
money.
 United States greatly
increased its production of
military equipment so that it
could be leant to the British
and the Allies.
 $7 billion dollars used to
build airplanes, ships, and
tanks.
AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR
 July, 1941- America freezes Japanese
assets for aggression in the Pacific.

November, 1941- negotiations
between the U.S and Japan fail.
 Sunday, December 7, 1941- Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii bombed by Japanese
planes at 7:55 a.m.

19 ships and 150 planes destroyed.
AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR
 December 8, 1941: President Roosevelt formally asks
Congress to declare war on Japan.
 December 11: Germany and Italy declare war on
America.
War Mobilization
 How does America get
ready for war?
 What’s it like on the
home front?
 How do the people left
at home help win
WWII?
 How does the role of
women change during
the war?
Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond:
It Will Lead to VICTORY!
“Rosie, the Riveter”
Women’s Army Air Corps
Pilots, Women’s Army Corps. Army
Nurses
Get Your Ration Cards
S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!
Japanese-American Boy Scout Troop in an
Internment Camp
Navaho “Code Talkers”
Segregated Units
WARTIME ALLIANCES




ALLIES
United States
Britain
France
Soviet Union
AXIS
 Germany
 Italy
 Japan
BATTLES IN THE PACIFIC
 Battle of Midway: June 4-7, 1942America sinks 4 Japanese aircraft
carriers.
 Turning Point of the war for
America in the Pacific
European Theater
1942-1945
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
Marshal Georgy Zhukov
Supreme Allied Commander
Soviet Field Marshal
INVASION OF ITALY
 July, 1943- Island of Sicily
invaded.
 Mussolini flees Italy for Germany.

Caught by his own people and
executed.
 Italian army surrenders, but
German army continues to fight.
 June, 1944- Allies march into
Rome.
BATTLE FOR RUSSIA
 July, 1942- Battle of Stalingrad.

Russians destroy their own cities so
Germans would have “nothing to
conquer.”
 July, 1943- Battle of Kursk

Germans forced to withdraw.
D-DAY
 Operation Overlordinvasion of France via
English Channel.
 Gen. Eisenhower leads
 June 6, 1944- Beaches
of Normandy, France
are invaded by 3
million Allied troops.
 Aug. 25, 1944- Paris
liberated.
EAST MEETS WEST
 April 26, 1945Russian and
American troops meet
at the Elbe River.
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
 Japan severely weakened
by U.S. forces.
 Island Hopping CampaignFeb.- March, 1945America captures Japanese
controlled islands

Philippines, Iwo Jima
 Kamikaze- Japanese
suicide runs w/ planes.
Iwo Jima-More US Marines earned the Medal of
Honor on Iwo Jima than in any other battle in US History.
General MacArthur and the
Philippines
I
Will
Return!
YALTA CONFERENCE


Meeting of the “Big Three”
in Feb., 1945.
Agreements made
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Germany divided into 4
zones.
Germany would pay for war
and lose military.
Created United Nations
Stalin demands Poland to be
“pro-Russian.”
Soviet Union agrees to enter
the war against Japan after
the defeat of Germany.
DEATH OF HITLER
 July, 1944- Assassination
attempt by German
generals. Hitler survives.
 Soviet forces invade
Berlin.
 Hitler marries long-time
girlfriend, Anna Braun
 April 30, 1945- they
commit suicide in bunker
by swallowing cyanide
capsules.
 Bodies burned by German
soldiers.
Hitler’s last official
photo
DEATH OF ROOSEVELT
 Election of 1944
 Roosevelt defeats
Thomas Dewey for a
4th term.
 63 years old, very sick
with influenza, high
blood pressure, and
congestive heart failure.
 April 12, 1945- suffers a
stroke at Warm Springs,
Georgia.
 April 15, 1945- State
Funeral
HARRY S. TRUMAN
 Becomes President on
death of Roosevelt.
 “out of the loop” on
war-time planning.
 Orders drop of Atomic
Bomb to “save
American lives.”
THE END OF THE WAR
 June, 1944- D-Day
 May 8, 1945- Germany surrenders
(V-E Day)
 Manhattan Project at Los Alamos
 August 6, 1945- Atomic Bomb
dropped on:


Hiroshima (70,000 killed)
Nagasaki (40,000 killed)
THE END OF THE WAR
 August 14, 1945- Japan
surrenders (V-J Day)
THE COLD WAR- a war fought
with words, threats, espionage but
not weapons of mass destruction
“The Iron Curtain”
 Soviet Union controls nations
of Eastern Europe, each with
a pro-Moscow Communist
government.


1946-1947- Poland, Hungary,
Romania, and Bulgaria
1948- Czechoslovakia
 Churchill calls this the, “Iron
Curtain.”
 Germany split into East
Germany (pro-Soviet) and
West Germany
(Independent).
UNITED NATIONS




Created in 1945.
Member nations agreed
to bring all disputes to.
Any nation can belong.
5 Permanent members
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
United States
Great Britain
Soviet Union
China
France
TRUMAN DOCTRINE
 1947- Soviet Union
threatens Greece and
Turkey.
 United States would send
$400 million in aid to
Greece and Turkey to help
stop the Communists.
 “It must be the policy of
the United States to
support free people who
are resisting outside
pressures.”
MARSHALL PLAN
 Plan by Secretary of
State George
Marshall to rebuild
post-war Europe.
 Believed that by
helping these people,
it would avoid
Communist threats
 Between 1948-1952
the United States
would give $12
billion in aid to
Western Europe.
 Aid offered to
Eastern Europe, but
turned down.
BERLIN BLOCKADE
 Berlin divided into 4
zones

United States, Great
Britain, France, Soviet
Union.
 Stalin cuts off all highway
and rail traffic in June,
1948.
Berlin Airlift
•Ordered by Harry Truman in June,
1948.
•Daily food drops into Berlin.
•Planes land every 4 minutes at the
airport.
•Ends in May, 1949.
•1 year and 2 months.
•277,804 flights.
•2,325,809 tons of food and
supplies.
OPPOSING ALLIANCES
NATO
 North Atlantic
Treaty
Organization
 United States and
nations of Western
Europe.
 Created in April,
1949.
Warsaw Pact
 Military organization of
the Communist Nations.
 Soviet Union, Poland, East
Germany, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Bulgaria,
Romania.
 Created in May, 1955.
ELECTION OF 1948
 Democrats


Harry S. Truman
Republicans

Thomas Dewey
 Dixiecrats

Strom Thurmond
 Truman travels the country by
train- “whistle stop” campaign.
 Dewey leads in the polls the
entire campaign.

First use of Gallup Polls.
 “Dewey Defeats Truman”
headline
 Truman wins
The “War” on Communism
 Truman takes it upon
himself to stop
communism from
spreading around the
world.
 Called the containment
policy
 Many 3rd world nations
susceptible to the ideals of
communism.
The Korean War
1950-1953
Korean Peninsula
 Korean peninsula
divided into north and
south at 38th Parallel
after WWII.
 People’s Republic of
Korea (Communist
North) led by Kim Il
Sung.
 Republic of Korea
(Capitalist South) led by
Syngman Rhee.
KOREAN WAR
 June 25, 1950- Invasion of
South by communist
North.
 U.N. forces led by Gen.
MacArthur push into the
North.
 Chinese help communist
North to push back south
of the 38th.
Gen. MacArthur Fired
 Douglas MacArthur openly
criticizes Truman for the
handling of the war.

Wants to invade China.
 April, 1951- MacArthur is
recalled and relieved of
duty.

Replaced by Mathew
Ridgeway.
End of the War
 War ends in July 27, 1953.
 Armistice signed with the border
staying at the 38th Parallel.
Election of 1952
 Republicans



Dwight D.
Eisenhower
“I like Ike.”
Former WWII general
 Democrats

Adlai Stevenson
 Eisenhower wins in a
landslide.
 First Republican
elected to Presidency
in 20 years.