Transcript wc2 Balazs WWII PPT

WWII
“The Big One”
Japan Invades Manchuria
• Military leaders elected promote absolute powers
for Emperor Hirohito
• IN 1931, Japan invades: needed resources
include coal, iron ore, oil.
Weak Responses Encouraged
More Attacks- Treaty Violations
1935 Ethiopia is seized by
Italy.
• 1935 Hitler sends troops
into Rhineland.
• 1936 Hitler and Mussolini
sign Axis Pact.
• 1936 Japan joins Axis.
• Why were the responses to
these events so weak? from League of Nations?
– from Britain, and France, the
major powers?
Hitler Correctly Gauged French and
British Response
• French public
opinion strongly
against
confrontation.
• Britain worried
about Soviets,
Germany is a
buffer
• No one wanted
to go it alone.
• Major economic
downturns
.
Axis Supports General Franco
• Spanish Civil War between Fascist Rebels
and weak democratic government.
• Western volunteers support democracy.
• 1939 Fascist forces prevail.
Munich Pact
• Sudetenland (German region of Czech.)
taken by Germans
• Sept 1938:
– Hitler’s “last territorial claim”
– Chamberlain: “Peace in our time”
The Non-Aggression Pact
August 1939
• Secret: USSR-Germany
split E. Europe
• Germany wants to avoid
a 2 front war…
Ribbentrop, Molotov (f), Stalin
To the chancellor of the German Reich,
Herr A. Hitler.
I thank you for your letter. I hope
that the German-Soviet
Nonaggression Pact will mark a
decisive turn for the better in the
political relations between our two
countries. . . .
J. Stalin*
Germany Expanded Without A
Shot, Until Poland was Attacked
1936-1939
Shooting War Begins
in
Poland, Sept 1,’39
1936
Sept. 1938
March 1939
Munich
March 1939
German Reichstag Celebrates Annexation of Austria
Blitzkrieg Took Poland in 1 Month
Launched: Sept 1,
1939
Britain & France
declare war
Sept 3.
The Blitzkrieg Spread
• Denmark in 24 hours
• Norway’s ports in 2 days
• Netherlands/Belgium/&
France in 5 weeks
– Retreat from Dunkirk
• By the end of June, most
of Western Europe had
been taken.
• Resistance groups form
• Balkans in weeks
Germans March into Paris
• June 14, 1940: Humiliated France forced
to sign at Compiegn in RR car
– A new Prime Minister Henri Petain
– French Jews turned over
– French lands in the Pacific given to Japan
– Petain allowed to govern “Vichy France”
– Collaborators?
Battle of Britain: Her “Finest Hour”
• Delayed: (a big mistake) Hitler was sure Britain
would surrender
• “Never was so much owed by so many to so
few”
• Radar
German “Wolf Packs” in the
Atlantic Challenge US Isolationism
• Neutrality Acts 1930s
• Lend Lease Act 1941
– “An arsenal of democracy”
– Undeclared war as Navy gets orders to
escort British merchant ships and shoot in
site
Hitler’s Biggest Mistake: Russia
• Operation Barbarossa June
22, 1941
• Siege of Moscow and
Leningrad (St. Petersburg)
• Stalin demands a Western
Front to take pressure of
Russia- Not until 6/6/44-DDay
• Stalemate in the snow
WINTER, but “No Retreat”
order is given
• Germany turned back at
Stalingrad by early 1943.
Battle of Stalingrad Deaths-1.5 MILLION!!!
Japan Threatened American
Interests
• Japan had attacked China
– Needed resources: oil, iron, rubber
– Threatened Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Dutch East Indies
• FDR (US) bans sale of scrap iron, steel, oil
– Japan got 80% of fuel and scrap iron from the US
– Prime Minister Tojo orders an attack…
Pearl Harbor: Sunday morning
Dec. 7, ‘41
• 6 J aircraft
carriers w/
400 planes
2403 Americans died
1000 wounded
18 ships damaged, but no aircraft carriers
“a day which shall live in infamy.” - F. Roosevelt
Japanese overran Western Pacific,
but Allies stopped the tide at
Coral Sea & Midway
Air War Over Europe
• British began night bombing Germany in 1942 using
American bombers
– Flying Fortress B-17
– Liberator B-24
• The most built plane of the war (19000)
• American units joined with B-17s and B-24s by 1943
– High level daylight bombing of industrial areas
Allies To Europe by way of…
North Africa
• 9 months (9/42) after Pearl
Harbor, 1st American Troops
land in N. Africa and
• Britain led by Field Marshall
Montgomery defeats Germans
led by Rommel at El Alamein
• Churchill and FDR met at
Casablanca
• Sicily, then Italy first in ’43
before France
– Stalin unhappy
• Unconditional surrender
demanded
Allies Fight Their Way Up the Boot
The Sicily Campaign -1943
• Sicily taken in a
month
• Mussolini Arrested
and Imprisoned
• Germans pour troops
into Italy and occupy
• Allies fight for 2 years
but never take
complete control until
Germany itself falls
What Happened to Mussolini?
• Mussolini was arrested by Italian but later
rescued by German paratroopers .
– Later reenters Italy –
– Allies are moving through
– Partisans (Italians fighting with Allies)Mussolini in disguise tries to get away
– In April, 1945, captured by Italians, shot and
hung
Normandy Landing: June 6, ‘44
Allies Race Across France
• Generals Omar Bradley and George
Patton Led Army
Reds and Yanks Meet At Torgau
• April 25, ’45
• West of Berlin
Planning the End
At Yalta 1945
May 2, 1945
• Germany Surrenders
Atomic Age
• August 1945- First Atomic Bomb dropped
on Hiroshima Japan
• 3 days later Nagasaki is bombed
• Japanese Surrender
Aftermath- War Trials
• Allies begin trials for
“Crimes against Humanity”
both in Germany and Japan
Civilian and Military Deaths
55,000,000
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Soviets-21 Million
China-11 Million
Germany-7 Million
Poland- 7 Million
Japan-1.8 Million
Yugoslavia-1.7 Million
France- 800 Thousand
Great Britain 400 Thousand
US- 295 Thousand
Holocaust