Transcript world war ii - GoingGlobally

WORLD WAR II:
Threats to World Peace
• 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact
– International peace
– Made war “illegal”
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Japan i/t Pacific
Italy in Ethiopia
Civil War in Spain
1936 Axis Powers formed
– Anti-Comintern Treaty
• 1938 Austria annexed
The Road to War
• 1938 Munich Conference
• APPEASEMENT
– Sudetenland annexed by
Germany
• UK’s Chamberlain “peace in
our time”
– Czechoslovakia: German
protectorate
– Seized Slovakia
• Which countries were
represented?
The NAZI-SOVIET Pact (1939)
• Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression
Pact
• E. Europe spheres of
influence
– W. Poland to Germany
• Polish Corridor
• Polish access to Danzig
– Baltics & E. Poland to USSR
• Sept., 1, 1939: Nazi invasion
of Poland
– World War II begins
• BLITZKRIEG: “lightning war”
Hitler’s NEW ORDER
• Jun ’41: breaks the NaziUSSR non-aggression
pact
• Hitler calls for:
– 1 European political &
economic system
• FASCISM
– “Aryan race”
– supply food & resources
• Slavs: racially inferior
Hitler’s FINAL SOLUTION
• Answer t/t “Jewish Question”
• The HOLOCAUST
• The annihilation of all European
Jews
– zeal o/t minority of Germans
– passivity o/t majority
• Concentration Camps
– “protective custody”
– Germany: Dachau & Buchenwald
– Poland: Auschwitz & Treblinka
(extermination camps)
• Slavs, Gypsies and
homosexuals were also victims
• No less than 6 million Jews were
killed
Atlantic Charter
• August 1941: FDR &
Churchill publicly
announce their national
policies
– 8 Provisions:
– pg. 725
• Meeting in Wash., DC Jan 42
– 26 nations attended
– Total War
– Not to sign separate peace
treaties
– Abide by Atlantic Charter
Battle for the Seas
• Atlantic Ocean
– Spring ’43: Allies control the
Atlantic
• Convoys
• Sonar detects subs
– Most German cities bombed
• Pacific Ocean
– Battle of Coral Sea
• saves Australia
– Battle of Midway
– Island Hopping
– Aug. ’42: Guadalcanal
• First invasion of Japanese
held territory
– Battle of Okinawa
• 12,500 Americans KIA
• 110,000 Japanese KIA
– Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Battle of Iwo Jima
Important Battles
• January 1943:
German’s surrender at
Stalingrad
• May 1943: German’s
surrender in N. Africa
• “soft belly o/t Axis”
– Italy (July ’43) Sicily
– Mussolini resigns
• Badoglio new premier
• Dissolved Fascist gov’t
• Cease fire
Mussolini shot & hung by own people
Victory in Europe
• OPERATION OVERLORD
• 6 June ’44: D-DAY
– invasion of NORMANDY
– largest amphibious assault in history
• “second front” for USSR
– US v. USSR
• Who would get to Berlin first?
• drive from the east
• drive from the west
• Battle of the Bulge (Dec. ’44)
– 50 ml wedge into Allied lines
– 10 day battle
– 600,000 Americans involved
• 80,000 American KIA
• 100,000 Germans KIA
– Nazi’s recognized defeat
• V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
• V-J Day (Sept. 2, 1945)
– Aug 6, 1945: Hiroshima
– Aug 9, 1945: Nagasaki
YALTA (Feb. ’45)
• The Big Three
– FDR, Churchill and Stalin
meet
– Germany will be divided
– Liberated Europe will be able
to have elections
– USSR would enter war
against Japan
• receive Japanese territory
• POTSDAM (July ’45)
– Truman now US pres
– Clement Attlee now PM of
UK
• Ultimatum to Japan
Costs of WWII
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22 million soldiers KIA
34 million soldiers WIA
USSR: 7-11 million dead
Germany: 3.5 mil KIA soldiers
Japan: 2 million KIA total
Europe: 16 mil civilians KIA
Millionsssssss of Refugees
Bombing and killing of
civilians simply became a
war strategy
Post-World War II
• Nuremberg Trials (1945-49)
– De-Nazification
• Nazi party illegal
– Nazi leaders being held
accountable for horrors o/t war
• Crimes Against Humanity
• 22 charges
– 12 death sentences
– 7 life imprisonments
– 3 acquittals
• Allied Control Council
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Allied occupation of Germany
demilitarize Germany
reparations
future borders
• East German refugees flood
West Germany
– East & West Germany
Origins of the COLD WAR
• The Berlin Blockade led to the
Berlin Airlift
– Germany is divided
– Beginning of the COLD WAR
• Truman Doctrine ‘47
– spread of communism is a threat
to democracy
– US policy to stop
• Containment policy
• Marshall Plan ’48-’52
– Euro. Recovery Program
– $13 billion for rebuilding
• COMINFORM
– Comm. Information Bureau
– opposed Truman & Marshall
plans
– threat to communism
COLD WAR Divisions