Transcript Japan Strikes in the Pacific

The Rise of Dictators
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RUSSIA: Joseph Stalin
SPAIN: Francisco Franco
ITALY: Benito Mussolini
JAPAN: Emperor Hirohito/General Tojo
GERMANY: Adolf Hitler
• Three of these men joined to rule the world!
World War II
the Rise of Dictators
The Original Gangstas….
Adolf Hitler
Benito
Mussolini
Joseph Stalin
Hideki Tojo
How did he take
power?
How did he take
power?
How did he take
power?
How did he take
power?
What were his beliefs?
What were his
beliefs?
What were his beliefs?
What were his beliefs?
How did he effect world
politics?
How did he effect
world politics?
Main Slide
What was his lasting
impact?
Militarism
How did he effect world How did he effect world
politics?
politics?
What was his lasting What was his lasting
impact?
impact?
Militarism
Militarism
What was his lasting
impact?
Militarism
Adolf Hitler - How did he take power?
1923 - Hitler attempted to take control of a struggling Germany through
the “Beer Hall Putsch.” He failed and was arrested. In jail he wrote
“Mein Kampf ” exposing his political ideology. He was considered
harmless and was released in 1924.
1932 - Defeated von Hindenburg in national election. Hitler was the
Chancellor of Germany.
1934 - Hitler declares himself the “Fuhrer of
Germany taking dictatorial power.
1938 - Anschluss with Austria (Outlawed by Treaty
of Versailles
1939 - Invasion of Poland and start of WWII
German propaganda
Hitler as a young soldier in WWI
Picture taken from www.wikipedia.org
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Adolf Hitler - Beliefs
Hitler believed the Treaty of Versailles was a result of
German leaders betraying the German people. He thought
Germany would, one day, have a reemergence as a world
power.
Click here to view the goals of the Third Reich
Picture taken from http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/sgt_stryker/hitler.gif
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Adolf Hitler - Effect on world politics
Hitler had an immediate and direct impact on
politicians around the world. Some admired his
beliefs and convictions, others saw a dangerous man
who would, one day, have a direct impact on the
death of 52 million people. Allied leaders in Europe
made an attempt to appease Hitler in 1938 when
they signed the Munich Agreement. Click here to
view a brief description of the Munich Pact.
Picture Taken from
www.time.com
Picture Taken from
en.wikipedia.org
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Adolf Hitler - Lasting Impact
The name Adolf Hitler is,
today, synonymous with hate
and genocide. The war he
helped to start is the
bloodiest war in human
history. There are,
unfortunately, still people
today who follow the
principles of Nazism. The
German people are still
haunted by the actions of the
Nazi government.
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Adolf Hitler and Militarism
Above all else, Hitler believed in the
military superiority of the German
empire. His fighting techniques,
such as blitzkrieg, threatened to
overthrow Europe in only a year.
Picture taken from www.malispina.com
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Benito Mussolini - How did he take
power?
1921 - Entered Parliament after having been defeated in 1919
1922 - Became premier of Italy
1925 - Mussolini declared Italy a fascist dictatorship and took
control over society, politics, and economics, as well as the
military.
Picture taken from http://cidc.library.cornell.edu/dof/italy/captioned/horse.htm
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Benito Mussolini - Beliefs
Mussolini was in favor of state control of economics, society,
and that the political system should be in the hands of few.
He was opposed to Communism and was very Militaristic. He
directly influenced Hitler and the Nazi’s.
Picture taken from http://www.comandosupremo.com/Mussolini.html
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Benito Mussolini - Effect on world
politics.
Possibly Mussolini’s most direct and lasting
impact was not in Italy, but his influence on
Hitler and Nazism. He created the first Fascist
government and was
allied with Germany
throughout WWII.
Picture taken from
http://www.comandosupre
mo.com/Mussolini.html
Picture taken from http://members.telering.at/pat/muss.jpg
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Benito Mussolini - Lasting Impact
Known as Il Duce- “the Chief ”
Italian Imperialism
-Moves to remake Roman
Empire (Restore Rome
to time of Caesars)
-Make the Mediterranean an
“Italian Lake”
Same government controls of everything as
in Germany
-Hailed by the people because he
“Made the trains run on time”
Picture taken from
http://home.comca
st.net/~lowe9101/
mussolini/
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Benito Mussolini and Militarism
The Italian army was not known for being a
preeminent power during WWII. The Nazi
German Empire was forced to defend Italy
against Allied advances. Mussolini did, however,
extend the Italian empire, especially into Africa.
Picture taken from
http://home.comcast.net/~lowe9101/mussolini/
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Joseph Stalin - How did he take power?
Picture taken from
en.wikipedia.org
Trotsky
After the death of the first Communist
dictator in the Soviet Union, Vladimir
Lenin, there was a power struggle between
Stalin and Trotsky. Stalin won out and
immediately set out to diminish any struggle
for power. He further abolished all
opposition and sent political prisoners to
“re-education” camps. By 1928 Stalin was
undoubtedly the leader of the Soviet Union.
Stalin
Bukharin
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Joseph Stalin - Beliefs
 Five Year Plans - Goals for the
Communist state (industrial economic)
 Collectivization of Agriculture
 Increase Soviet knowledge in the
Picture taken from en.wikipedia.org
sciences (Space Race after WWII)
 Believed in military superiority over the United States (buildup of nuclear weapons)
Click here to read a biographical sketch (timeline included) of
Stalin
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Joseph Stalin - Effect on world politics
Picture taken from en.wikipedia.org
The effect of Stalin on world politics is virtually impossible to
overstate. He led the Soviet Union through domestic
instability (not always well) while fighting against Hitler in
WWII, the United States in the Cold War, and trying to gain
alliances with developing countries throughout the world.
The United States essentially based its foreign policy around
that of the Soviet Union, and vice-versa, for 50 years.
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Joseph Stalin - Lasting Impact
The lasting impact of Stalin is one of controversy. Millions of
men and women died under his rule of an steel fist. He led the
Soviet Union until his death in 1953. He left the United States
and Soviet Union embroiled in a battle for world supremacy
which would last until 1991.
Click here to view a
biographical perspective
on Joseph Stalin.
Picture taken from http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/stalin/
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Joseph Stalin and Militarism
Stalin believed in having a large military. When
the Soviet Union was invaded by Nazi Germany
in June of 1941 Stalin started a build-up of the Soviet army
which would last for several decades.
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Emperor Hirohito and General
Hediki Tojo
Country:
• Japan
Shoooooot yo!
I am the brains
behind the
operations…
remember Pearl
Harbor, yo?
I am the
Emperor! I hold
all the power!
Really….I make
all the
decisions… for
REAL, for real..
General Hideki Tojo
Emperor Hirohito
Hideki Tojo - How did he take power?
1920’s - Tojo works his way up the military ladder in Japan.
1930’s - Led troops in battle in China
1940 - Appointed War Minister
1941 - Emperor Hirohito elevates Tojo to the post of Prime
Minister
Click here to see a history of Japan
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Hideki Tojo - Beliefs
Tojo believed in the Racial Superiority
of the Japanese people, especially over
the Chinese. He was also ultranationalistic as well as very militaristic.
He wanted to expand the Japanese
empire throughout the Pacific Rim.
Picture taken from
http://www.bibl.uszeged.hu/bibl/mil/ww2/who/tojo.h
tml
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Hideki Tojo - Effect on world politics
When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on
December 7,
1941, Tojo became public
enemy number
one in the United States.
Throughout his tenure
as Prime Minister
he increased alliances
with the Axis
powers in Europe and
Picture taken from www.trumanlibrary.org
extended military
control
over Japanese
Society and the Pacific Rim. Tojo was executed for war crimes
in 1948.
Click here to see Japanese Military Expansion
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Hideki Tojo - Lasting Impact
Hideki Tojo is, today, known as a man
who led the Japanese into WWII against
the United States. He is credited for
increasing Japanese military, industrial,
and imperialistic capacity, but also saw
the end of Japanese society as it was
known before 1945.
Picture taken from
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.
co.uk/2WWtojo.htm
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Hideki Tojo and Militarism
Tojo and the Japanese military commanders
believed Japan to be invincible. For hundreds
of years the Japanese mainland was not
successfully invaded. Japan extended its empire throughout
the Pacific Rim and had visions of going quite a bit farther.
Click here to view see the Pacific Theater of WWII.
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The Axis Powers:
Germany, Italy, and Japan
• Hitler, Mussolini, and Hirohito formed an
alliance to conquer the world.
• Germany continued to consume Europe.
• Mussolini led Italian forces to take over
Africa.
• Hirohito led Japanese forces to overcome
Asia.
The Allied Forces:
Great Britain, France, USA, and Soviet
Union
• The world could no longer ignore the danger.
• Great Britain, lead by Prime Minister William
Chamberlain, joined the war to help France.
• The United States, led by Franklin Delano
Roosevelt, pledged supplies and support for the
Allies but worked to stay out of the war.
• The Soviet Union agreed to stay out of the war
as long as Germany left them alone.
Japan Dominates Asia
• Geography of Japan
• Democratic reforms
fall apart in Japan
• Militarists take
control of Japanese
nation
• Japan invades
Manchuria
• Japan invades China
Japan: Where is it located?
JAPAN IS WAY OVER
HERE NEXT TO CHINA
JAPAN IS AN ISLAND
just like England
Japan’s Democracy Reforms Fails in the 1920’s
• 1922 Japan signs
peace treaty with
China—sign of
respect
• 1928 Japan signs
Kellogg-Briand Act;
renouncing war
“Democracy won’t work here,” says Tojo!
• Creates a more
parliamentary
gov.—people have
more say
Military takes control of Japan
• Great Depression
hits Japan; lose
faith Democracy
• Military leaders want
Emperor to gain ALL
power back
(Absolute Rule)
• Japan’s military
leaders plan
expansion
throughout Asia
Japan’s New Empire:
Imperializes China
• Invasion of Manchuria 1931:
- Heavy industry—many factories there
- Japan wanted more factories for military
- Democracies ask Japan to leave…they ignore the
request
Japan
Invades
China
• 1937 Japan
invades
• China quickly
falls to stronger
Japan
• City of Nanjing
is destroyed;
citizens raped,
tortured and
killed
Japan seeks to dominate all Pacific
• December 7,
1941 Japan
surprises USA
by attacking in
Hawaii
• 2,400
American’s
killed
• Roosevelt: “A
day which will
live in infamy.”
The war in the pacific was
for all of the little islands—they had many
resources!
America
Japan
Hawaii Islands
Philippines
Philippines is south of
Japan
Japan is up here!
Bataan Death March
• Japan takes the
Philippines
• They stormed the
capital city of
Burma
• Take everyone
prisoner, including
• 75,000 American
prisoner and march
them to camps;
10,000 died
America Strikes Back!
~Battle of Midway~
• Admiral Nimitz from
USA led forces in the
Pacific
• Japanese naval fleet
largest in world
history!
• USA outnumbered 4 to
1
• America wins with
strategy!
But the war in the Pacific is not over…