Transcript World War II - Walton High

STANDARDS
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SSUSH19
The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic
impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government.
SSUSH19.a
Explain A. Philip Randolph's proposed march on Washington, D.C. and
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's response.
SSUSH19.b
Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of JapaneseAmericans.
SSUSH19.c
Explain major events including the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway,
D-Day, and the fall of Berlin.
SSUSH19.d
Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and
the role of women in war industries.
SSUSH19.e
Describe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of
developing the atomic bomb.
CHAPTER 24 WORLD WAR II
1941-1945
SECTION 1 & 2
“What impact did World War II have on America
and the World?”
THE ALLIES TURN THE TIDE
SECTION 1
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How did the Allies turn the tide against the Axis?

Vocabulary:
-Dwight Eisenhower
-George S. Patton, Jr.
-strategic bombing
-Tuskegee Airmen
-unconditional surrender
-Chester Nimitz
-saturation bombing
-Battle of Midway
The Allies Turn the Tide
Axis and Allies Plan Strategy
Main Idea: Germany, Italy, and Japan had common enemies but different
goals during the war, while the United States, Britain, and the Soviet
Union all considered defeating Germany their ultimate goal.
Turning the Tide in Europe
Main Idea: The Allies achieved several significant victories against
Germany that served as turning points in the war in Europe.
Increasing the Pressure on Germany
Main Idea: The United States announced that unconditional surrender
was the only thing that would end the war, and the Allies increased their
force against Germany and Italy to achieve this.
Turning the Tide in the Pacific
Main Idea: The United States defeated Japan in The Battle of Midway,
…
which served as a turning point in the war in the Pacific and allowed the
Americans to take an offensive position against Japan.
AXIS AND ALLIES PLAN STRATEGY
Axis Powers did not have coordinated strategy
-Hitler wanted to dominate Europe
-Mussolini wanted an Italian empire
-Japan wanted to control the Western
Pacific and Asia
 Allies focused on Germany so pursued a
“Europe First” strategy, with the Pacific war
secondary
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PROPAGANDA
TURNING THE TIDE IN EUROPE
By 1943,
Allies began to win the war in
the North Atlantic with radar
 Allies sunk U-boats with
bombers and depth charges
 Battle of Stalingrad –
Germany needed oil
 German army surrendered to
the Russians in Jan. 1943
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STALINGRAD 1943 TURNING POINT IN
EUROPE
EASTERN FRONT
NORTH AFRICA AND ITALY
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North Africa
 British General Montgomery defeated German Field
Marshall Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) at el Alamein
Sicily and Italy
NORTH AFRICA 1942
EL ALAMEIN 1942
BERNARD MONTGOMERY, BRITISH
COMMANDER
ROMMEL, GERMAN COMMANDER
SICILY 1943
BATTLE OF ANZIO 1944
BOMBERS BATTER GERMANY
Saturation (carpet) bombing dropped massive
amounts of bombs on German cities
 Strategic bombing destroyed Germany’s
capacity to make war
 Tuskegee Airmen escorted bombers over
Europe
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TURNING THE TIDE IN THE PACIFIC
Japan had seized the Philippines, Malaya, Dutch
East Indies, Hong Kong, Wake Island, Guam, and
Burma
 Battle of Midway is the turning point in the Pacific
 Japan attacked Midway, but the Navy had broken
the Japanese code
 U.S. sank 4 Japanese aircraft carriers
 U.S. lost the Yorktown
 Americans go on the offensive with “island
hopping”
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BATTLE OF MIDWAY 1942 TURNING
POINT IN THE PACIFIC
YORKTOWN
SOLOMON ISLANDS 1942
GUADALCANAL NOV, 1942
NOTE TAKING
Reading Skill: Summarize
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THE HOME FRONT
SECTION 2
How did the war change America at home?
 Vocabulary:
-A. Phillip Randolph
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-Executive Order 8802
-bracero program
-internment
-Korematsu v. United States
-442nd Regimental Combat team
-rationing
-OWI – Office of War Information
The Home Front
New Economic Opportunities
Main Idea: During the war, more women entered the workplace,
especially in factory and industry jobs. At the same time, African
Americans made strides in fighting discrimination on the job.
Workers on the Move
Main Idea: Workers followed new employment opportunities and
migrated to new cities, causing racial conflict in some areas.
A Challenge to Civil Liberties
Main Idea: Many Japanese Americans faced discrimination and were held
in internment camps during World War II.
Supporting the War Effort
Main Idea: As spending on the war increased, the government
implemented economic controls over Americans and worked with the
media to encourage support of the war.
WWII gave women the
chance to prove
themselves. For the first
time, women across the
world were learning to
work as factory workers,
nurses, and journalists.
Many women even
joined the army through
an organization called
the Women's Army
Corps. Finally, women
worked as drivers,
farmers, mail delivery
personnel, garbage
collectors, builders, and
mechanics. Now women
had their own money
and became more
independent.
AFRICAN AMERICANS DEMAND FAIR
EMPLOYMENT
 A.
Philip Randolph
 Sent FDR a list of
demands
 Planned a massive
march on Washington
 “Double V” campaign
 Executive Order 8802
WORKERS ON THE MOVE
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Bracero program
brought Mexican
workers to American
farms
Race riots in Detroit
Zoot Suit riots in Los
Angeles
"I remember the soldiers marching us to the Army tank and I looked at
their rifles and I was just terrified because I could see this long knife at
the end . . . I thought I was imagining it as an adult much later . . . I
thought it couldn't have been bayonets because we were just little kids."
-from "Children of the Camps"
Soon after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States
government began a program of relocating people of Japanese ancestry who lived
on the West Coast. Some 110,000 people-citizens and non-citizens-were interned.
Japanese Americans to leave their homes and along with farms, schools, jobs, and
businesses. In some cases family members were separated.
MAP
Manzanar: Internment Camp
KOREMATSU V. UNITED STATES
Supreme Court upheld the government’s
wartime internment policy
 Upheld Executive Order 9066
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NOTE TAKING
Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas
SUPPORTING THE WAR EFFORT
War cost Americans $330 billion
 Government managed the economy
 Rationing
 Office of War Information
-Encouraged war effort
-Radio, print, and movies
-Collected paper, scrap metal, and fat
-Planted victory gardens
-”Use it up, wear it out, make it do, and do
without.”
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The purchase of war bonds provided financial
support for the war effort and a morale boost for
men in combat.
War Bonds served to
give the American people a
sense of helping their boys
who were so far away. Also,
the money went directly to
the war effort, and the
investor would get a return
years later when they cashed
in their war bond.
CHART
Federal Spending
TRANSPARENCY
Victory Gardens
VICTORY IN EUROPE AND THE PACIFIC
Teheran Conference, November 1943;
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met to plan
victory
 Planned D-Day
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VICTORY IN EUROPE AND THE PACIFIC
SECTION 3
How did the Allies defeat the Axis Powers?
 Vocabulary:
-D-Day
-Battle of the Bulge
-Harry S. Truman
-island hopping
-kamikaze
-Albert Einstein
-Manhattan Project
-J. Robert Oppenheimer
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Victory in Europe and the Pacific
Planning Germany’s Defeat
Main Idea: After debating war tactics, the United States, Britain, and the
Soviet Union agreed on the best plan of attack for defeating Germany.
D-Day Invasion of Normandy
Main Idea: On June 6, 1944, known as D-Day, the Allies launched a
massive attack on Normandy, considered the first step in invading
Germany and ending the war.
Liberation of Europe
Main Idea: With Allied troops advancing, Hitler planned a counterattack,
but his tactics failed and he committed suicide just before Germany
surrendered in 1945.
Advancing in the Pacific
Main Idea: American troops advanced towards Japan by taking over
islands in the Pacific and battling with Japanese troops.
GEORGE MARSHALL, CHIEF OF STAFF
NOTE TAKING
Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence
D-DAY JUNE, 1944
D-DAY
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Amphibious Attack in
Northern France
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June 6, 1944
Operation Overlord
D-Day = Designated Day
Largest Invasion force
ever assembled – 2
million troops
First waves experienced
high casualty rates
Liberated Paris and
Belgium
DWIGHT EISENHOWER, SUPREME
COMMANDER IN EUROPE
GEORGE PATTON, COMMANDER OF THE
THIRD ARMY IN FRANCE
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V-1 ROCKETS
BATTLE OF THE BULGE 1944
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
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December 1944
Nazi Troops squeezed between Soviets and Allies
Hitler launched a surprise offensive in a weakened
part of the line
Created a “bulge” in the front line
ALLIED VICTORY IN EUROPE
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After “Bulge”, allies closed
in on Berlin
Allies met at Yalta to
discuss terms of German
surrender
Berlin ended up under
Soviet Control
Hitler Committed Suicide
VE Day – Victory in Europe
Discovery of the death
camps
VE DAY
TURNING POINT IN THE PACIFIC
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Establish control over
skies and waters of the
Pacific
Battle of the Coral
 Sea – 1st major
battle in Pacific
Battle of Midway
 June 1942
 Turning point in the
Pacific
 Kamikazes
BATTLE OF IWO JIMA AND OKINAWA
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US Island hopped their way
through the Pacific
Dangers other than battle
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Iwo Jima
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US losses 6800 killed
23,000 wounded
Okinawa
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Monsoons, malaria, heat,
earthquakes, jungle conditions
Costliest engagement 50,000
casualties
Gave U.S. strong positions to
launch air strikes
BATTLE OF TARAWA
TARAWA VICTORY 1943
CODE-TALKERS, NAVAJO TROOPS
KAMIKAZES
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Japanese suicide
squadrons, known as
Kamikaze, flew aircraft
loaded with explosives
directly into U.S. naval
vessels, killing
themselves in an effort
to stop the American
advance. Altogether, they
sank about 40 ships
KAMIKAZE
IWO JIMA
IWO JIMA
DEATH OF FDR 4/12/45
HARRY TRUMAN, 33RD PRESIDENT
HARRY S. TRUMAN
OKINAWA JUNE ‘45
THE END OF THE WAR
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Bombing of Japan
Blockade of Japan
Kamikazes
Manhattan Project
A-Bomb Attacks
VJ Day August 14,
1945
Casualties
TRANSPARENCY
The Manhattan Project
MANHATTAN PROJECT
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Key Players
 Albert Einstein
 Enrico Fermi
 J. Robert
Oppenheimer
The Decision to drop
the Bomb
August 6, 1945
 Hiroshima
August 9, 1945
 Nagasaki
August 14, 1945
 Surrender of Japan
ATOMIC BOMB 1945
HIROSHIMA AUG.9,’45
NAGASAKI
DECISION POINT
Should the United States Drop the Atomic Bomb?
U.S.S. MISSOURI 9/2/45
VJ DAY
TRANSPARENCY
The Allies Win the War
FIVE IMPORTANT EVENTS OF WWII
1942
 1942-1943
 1942
 1944
 1945
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Battle of Midway
Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of El Alamein
D-Day
Manhattan Project
QUICK STUDY
Science and Technology of World War II
THE HOLOCAUST
SECTION 4
How did the Holocaust develop and what were
its results?
 Vocabulary:
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-Holocaust
-concentration camp
-Nuremberg Laws
-death camp
-Kristallnacht
-War Refugee Board
-genocide
The Holocaust
Roots of the Holocaust
Main Idea: Hitler blamed Jews for Germany’s problems, and as he
rose in power the Nazis began an increasingly violent persecution
of Jews.
Nazis Adopt “Final Solution”
Main Idea: The Nazis built concentration camps, where millions of
Jews and other groups were sent to be tortured or killed.
The Allies and the Holocaust
Main Idea: Today, many people believe the Holocaust could have
been prevented, but at the time few realized the extent of the
actions of the Nazis.
NOTE TAKING
Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence
GRAPH
Concentration Camps in Europe
HOLOCAUST
PERSECUTION
Nuremberg Laws – denied German citizenship
to Jews, banned marriage between Jews and
non-Jews, and segregated Jews
 Kristallnacht – “Night of the Broken Glass”
 Refugees fled (Albert Einstein)
 U.S. refused to accept many refugees
 “Final Solution” – systematic extermination of
all Jews
 Allied soldiers liberate camps
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ADOLPH HITLER
HOLOCAUST
CONCENTRATION CAMP
ANNE FRANK
HOLOCAUST
NOTE TAKING
Reading Skill: Summarize
EFFECTS OF THE WAR
SECTION 5
 What
were the major immediate and long-term effects of
World War II?
 Vocabulary:
-Yalta Conference
-superpower
-GATT – General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade
-UN – United Nations
-Universal Declaration of Human Rights
-Geneva Convention
-Nuremberg Trials
Effects of the War
Allies Set Postwar Goals
Main Idea: Leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union
met to plan how to divide post-war Europe.
A New World Takes Shape
Main Idea: After World War II ended, imperialism declined, Eastern
European countries became communist or developed new borders, and
the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as superpowers
International Cooperation
Main Idea: After World War II, Americans began to take a more active
role in the global economy and political affairs
A New American Identity
Main Idea: The war had changed how many Americans thought of
themselves and the country’s place in the world.
Continued…
Date
Participants
Highlights
MolotovRibbentrop
Treaty
August
23, 1939
Germany,
Soviet Union
Hitler and Stalin sign non-aggression pact
which meant the Soviets would not
intervene if Poland were invaded. Hitler
later invaded Russia (June 22, 1941)
Atlantic
Conference
August
1941
Great Britain,
US
FDR and Churchill approve the Atlantic
Charter which supported selfdetermination, a new permanent system of
general security (a new League of Nations),
and the right of people to regain
governments abolished by dictators.
Casablanca
Conference
January
1943
Great Britain,
US
FDR and Churchill agree to step up Pacific
war, invade Sicily, increase pressure on
Italy and insist on an unconditional
surrender of Germany.
Teheran
Conference
Novemb
er 1943
Great Britain,
US, Soviet
Union
Allies agree to launch attacks from Russia
on the east at the same time as US and
Great Britain attack from west.
Date
Participants
Highlights
Yalta
February
1945
Great
Britain, US,
Soviet
Union
Stalin agreed that Poland would
have free elections after the war
and that the Soviets would attack
Japan within three months of the
collapse of Germany. Soviets
receive territory in Manchuria and
several islands
San Francisco
April 22,
1945
50 nations
United Nations Charter approved
establishing a Security Council
with veto power for the Big Five
powers (US, Great Britain, France,
China, and Soviet Union) and a
General Assembly.
Potsdam
July 1945
U.S, Great
Britain,
Soviet
Union
Pres. Truman met with Stalin and
Churchill and agreed that Japan
must surrender or risk
destruction. Atomic bomb
successfully tested on July 16 and
then dropped on Hiroshima on
August 6, 1945.
TRANSPARENCY
Political Cartoons: Dividing Germany
YALTA AND POTSDAM CONFERENCES
EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR II
NOTE TAKING
Reading Skill: Understand Effects
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade –
designed to expand world trade by reducing
tariffs
 United Nations – U.S., Soviet Union, Britain,
France, and China form the Security Council
 Geneva Convention – governs humane
treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of
war
 Nuremberg Trials – trials of Nazi officials
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ANALYZE
Cause and Effect: World War II
EFFECTS OF THE WAR
Holocaust
 Nuremburg Trials
 Japanese War Criminals
 Death
 Destruction
 Homefront
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 Japanese
Internment Camps
 Wartime Economy
 Women and Minorities
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