Transcript WWII Complete PPT

World War II
The Effects of the Treaty of
Versailles
The Terms
• Germanys forced to
accept:
• War Guilt Clause
• Reparations
• Loss of its colonies
• Loss of European
territory.
• Disarmament
The Great Depression
Inflation
The Rise of Dictators
Hitler and Mussolini
Benito Mussolini
• Created a fascist state
in Italy in 1922.
• Fascism- government
controlled every
aspect of the lives of
its peoples.
Adolph Hitler
• Created the Nazi
Party.
• Became the Fuher, or
leader of Germany.
Hitler and Mussolini
• Fascism- is a political
philosophy meaning
the government
controls every aspect
of the lives of its
people.
Fascism
Nazi Germany
• Propaganda- a
campaign of speeches,
parades, and rallies to
support Hitler’s
policies.
• Censorship
• Anti-Semitism
Anti-Semitic Campaign
The Nuremburg Laws of 1935
• Deprived Jews of their
citizenship.
• Allowed for legal
discrimination against
them.
• All Jews were
required to wear a Star
of David.
War Time Leaders
Winston Churchill
• Prime Minister of
England during
WWII.
Franklin Roosevelt
• President of the
United States during
WWII.
• Served 4 terms as
president.
Joseph Stalin
• Leader of the USSR.
• Stalin signed a non
aggression pact with
Hitler in 1939.
Emperor Hirohito
General Tojo
• Prime Minister of
Japan during WWII
Japanese Aggression in Asia
The Path to War in Europe
NAZI Aggression
Nazi- Soviet Nonaggression Pact
Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact
• Hitler anticipated a
conflict with Britain
and France.
• August 1939 Hitler
signed a peace treaty
with the USSR.
The Axis Powers
A Mutual Defense Alliance Consisting of:
Nazi German
Japan
Italy
The Road To War
• Hitler glorified war as
a means to restore
German national
pride.
• In 1938, Germany
took control over
Austria
Hitler re-occupies the Rhineland
Annexation of Austria
Annexation of Austria
Hitler in Vienna 1938
Nazi Aggression
• Next Hitler demanded
a region of
Czechoslovakia
known as the
Sudetenland.
Appeasement
• English Prime
Minister Neville
Chamberlain brokered
the Munich Pact.
• Hitler was given the
territory for a promise
he make no more
demands.
Germany Sparks a New War in Europe
• Secret Agreement
– Nonaggression pact—
Germans and Soviets
agree not to fight each
other. This was known as
the “MolotovRibbentrop Pact”
signed in 1939.
– Agreement includes
secret deal to split Poland
Ribbentrop and Stalin at the
signing of the Pact
The outbreak of WWII
• Hitler took the rest of
Czechoslovakia.
• Germany invaded
Poland on September
1,1939.
32.1 Hitler’s Lightning War
Using the sudden, mass attack called
the blitzkrieg, Germany overruns
much of Europe and North Africa
Blitzkrieg
• Hitler’s “blitzkrieg” or
lightening war tactics,
brought easy victory
against Poland and
France.
A Mechanized and Mobile War
• WWII saw the use of
tanks, planes, aircraft
carriers and
battleships.
• New technologies
included sonar and
radar.
Germany’s Lightning Attack
• The Phony War
– French, British mobilize
along French border,
wait for German attack
– Many months of no
action—the “phony war”
– In April 1940 Hitler
attacks and quickly
captures Denmark and
Norway
British Ministry of Home
Security poster of a type that
was common during the Phony
War
The Fall of France
• Further Gains
– May 1940—Germany conquers Netherlands,
Belgium, Luxembourg
– Soon after, German army reaches French coast
The Maginot Line
Was a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, artillery
casemates, machine gun posts, and other defenses, which
France constructed along its borders with Germany and Italy
The Fall of France
• Rescue at Dunkirk
– German forces trap
British, French on
coast of Dunkirk
– British Navy and
civilians take ships
across the English
Channel to rescue
soldiers
British troops evacuating Dunkirk's beaches.
Many stood shoulder deep in water for hours,
waiting to board the warships.
The Fall of France
• Germany invades
France on June 1,
1940. France
surrenders 12 days
later.
• The Vichy
Government
cooperates with the
Germans.
A Two Fronted War
• Germany invades the
USSR on June 22,
1941.
• Hitler’s invasion is
stalled by the Russian
winter.
The Battle of Britain
• Threat to Britain
– Winston
Churchill—
Becomes British
prime minister and
vows no surrender.
Winston
Churchill
giving his
famous 'V'
sign
The Battle of Britain
– Germany plans invasion of Britain; begins with air attacks in
1940
– British use air force, radar, code-breaking to resist Germany
– Battle of Britain—Air war over Britain that lasted until May
1941
– Stunned by British resistance, Hitler calls off attacks
A pair of 264
Squadron Defiants.
(PS-V was shot
down on 28 August
1940 over Kent by
Bf 109s.)
Aircraft spotter on the roof of a building in London. St. Paul's Cathedral
is in the background. 306-NT-901B-3.
Standing up gloriously out of the flames and smoke of surrounding
buildings, St. Paul's Cathedral is pictured during the great fire raid of
Sunday December 29th." 1940. 306-NT-3173V.
Over 500 firemen and members of the London Auxiliary Fire Fighting
Services, including many women, combined in a war exercise over the
ground covered by Greenwich (London) Fire Station." Ca. July 1939.
306-NT-901-19.
Children of an eastern suburb of London, who have been made homeless
by the random bombs of the Nazi night raiders, waiting outside the
wreckage of what was their home." September 1940. 306-NT-3163V.
Two bewildered old ladies stand amid the leveled ruins of the almshouse
which was Home; until Jerry dropped his bombs. Total war knows no
bounds. Almshouse bombed Feb. 10, Newbury, Berks., England."
Naccarata, February 11, 1943. 111-SC-178801.
89.Life in London
during the war. View of
a V-1 rocket (flying
bomb) in flight, ca.
1944. 306-NT-3157V.
The British nickname
was a “Doodlebug”
A London
bus is
submerged
in a bomb
crater after a
German air
raid.
A group of Soviet POWs, taken to undefined Prison Camp
89
D-Day
• On June 6,1944 the
allies invaded France
at Normandy.
• By August German
troops were pulling
out of Paris.
The Defeat of Germany
• Germany faced a war
on two fronts.
• The Soviet army of
five million advanced
from the east.
• Allied troops
approached from the
west.
German Surrender
• On April 30, 1945
Hitler Killed himself.
• On May 2, 1945
Berlin surrendered to
the Soviets.
Results of WWII
The Final Solution
• Hitler implemented a
program of genocide ,
or planned destruction
of a race.
The Holocaust
• Concentration camps
were equipped with
gas chambers and
crematoria’s.
• Six million Jews were
victims of the
Holocaust.
The Yalta and Potsdam
Conferences
• The USSR was given
control of Eastern
Europe until elections
could be held.
• Germany and its
capital were divided
into zones of
occupation.
The Nuremburg Trials
• Nazi war criminals
were brought to
justice.
• They were tried for
acts of aggression and
crimes against
humanity.
Additional Results
• The creation of the United Nations.
• Independence movements against the
colonial powers
• The United States and Soviet Union
emerged and superpowers.
World War II
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WWII
Rhineland
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