Transcript The End of the War

CHAPTER 21
World War II
Section 1:
Threats to World Peace
Section 2:
Hitler’s Aggressions
Section 3:
Axis Gains
Section 4:
The Soviet Union and the United States
Section 5:
The Holocaust
Section 6: The End of the War
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Bell Ringer 21.6:
What were the principal lines of
Allied advance?
G________
M________
G______
S______
I__ J____
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After France fell, French generals
had predicted that Britain would
“have her neck wrung like a
chicken” in three weeks.
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Churchill later commented: “Some
chicken! Some neck!”
The British had survived Hitler’s
aggression. Now, with the help of the
United States, they stood ready to turn
the tide of war in the Allies’ favor.
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Battle of Stalingrad
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Operation Torch
Allies Gain Control of Africa (1943): British &
Commonwealth troops drive German forces out of Libya, into
Tunisia. U.S. and Free French Forces invade from the West.
The Germans are trapped in Tunisia, being attacked by Allies
from all directions. They are forced to surrender on May 13,
1943, with nearly 240,000 prisoners of war.
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After the Allied victory in North Africa, Stalin demanded
that British and American troops open a second front in
Europe to lessen the pressure on the Soviet Union.
“soft underbelly
of Europe”
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Allied Invasion of Sicily
(July 9-Aug 17, 1943):
Primarily carried out by the
UK, US and Canadian forces,
launched from Tunisia after
recently gaining complete
control over North Africa. The
Allies' objective is to secure
safe passage through the
Mediterranean Sea.
Mussolini Removed from
Power (July 25, 1943):
With the war effort rapidly
deteriorating, Mussolini is
overthrown and imprisoned.
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Italian Socialist Republic
Set Up as Nazi Puppet
State (Sept, 1943): The
Nazis rescued Mussolini from
imprisonment in September,
and placed him as the leader
of the puppet state covering
Northern Italy, after the
Allies invaded and gained
control over Southern Italy.
Germany Takes Control of
Italy-Occupied Areas in
Balkans (1943): Once Germany
was aware that Italy had
negotiated an armistice with the
Allies, it moved in to take control
of Italy's possessions in the
Balkans.
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Germany Withdraws from Battle
of Stalingrad (1943): A large part
of the Nazi army is trapped inside the
city, engaged in urban warfare,
resulting in heavy casualties among
the Germans. By February of 1943,
they are forced to withdraw, ceding
victory to the Soviets, who also
suffered immense loss of life. The city
itself was nearly decimated.
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German Retreat Out of USSR Begins
(1943): Stalled just short of its primary
targets inside Russia, the Germans
begin to fall back, since their supply
lines were constantly attacked,
spreading them thin despite their large
numbers. Plus, with the resulting lack of
supplies, they were suffering from an
increasingly high death toll.
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Allies Gain the Upper Hand in Battle of
the Atlantic (1943): The Germans became
increasingly aggressive with their U-boat
submarine attacks, realizing more success
than ever in sinking battleships.
May proved to be the turning point, as the
full participation of U.S. helped spark a turnabout in fortunes. In addition, the new
technologies developed the previous years,
such as improved radar and sonar, began to
be highly effective.
By the end of the year, Allied convoys were
inflicting greater losses upon the German
navy than losses suffered.
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Battle of the Coral Sea
•First carrier vs carrier battle
•for the first time, the Allies had
stopped the Japanese advance
•"The Battle That Saved Australia"
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Battle of Midway
In May 1942, Japanese Admiral Yamamoto sought to draw the US
Pacific Fleet into a battle where he could overwhelm and destroy it.
To accomplish this he planned an invasion of Midway Island which
would provide a base for attacking Hawaii.
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Using decrypted Japanese radio
intercepts, Admiral Chester Nimitz
was able to counter this offensive.
On June 4, 1942, US aircraft flying
from USS Enterprise, USS Hornet,
and USS Yorktown attacked and
sunk four Japanese carriers, forcing
Yamamoto to withdrawal.
The Battle of Midway
marked the turning
point of World War II
in the Pacific.
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island hopping
Strategy to seize key islands
from which to attack the
next target, bypassing other
targets.
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General Douglas MacArthur
retakes the Philippines – Oct 1944
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Battle of the Leyte Gulf
• considered to be the largest naval battle of World War II
• Imperial Japanese Navy mobilized nearly all of its remaining major naval
vessels.
• the first battle in which Japanese aircraft carried out organized kamikaze
attacks
• The Imperial Navy would cease to exist as a viable fighting force.
Navy
US
Japan
ese
Large
carriers
-
Small
Carriers
3
1
3
Battles Cruis Destro
hips
ers
yers
2
3
10
11
Destroyer
Escorts
1
-
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…back in Europe
Operation Overlord
6 June 1944
D-Day
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Battle of the Bulge
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Beginning of the end…
• Early spring 1945 – German defenses fell
apart
• German army in Italy surrendered
• American and Soviet armies press on to
Berlin.
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Within a week the German High Command
surrendered unconditionally.
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8 May 1945 became V-E Day –
the day of victory in Europe!
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Victory over Japan
• The war continued in the
Pacific – American marines
capture the island of Iwo
Jima after a month of the
most bitter fighting in the
war.
– Of the 18,000 Japanese
defending the island – only
216 would be captured
• The Allies took the island of
Okinawa next.
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Yalta Conference
• Feb 1945 – Roosevelt
& Churchill met with
Stalin
• Agreed Germany
would be divided &
occupied
• Soviets agreed to enter
war against Japan
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Potsdam Conference
• Roosevelt passed away –
Harry Truman meets with
Atlee and Stalin
• gathered to decide how to
administer punishment to
the defeated Nazi
Germany
• Question of reparations
• demand of an
unconditional surrender
from Japan
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The Manhattan Project
Los Alamos, NM
…secret project to develop
the first atomic bomb.
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Japan refused to surrender.
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6 Aug 1945 – first atomic
bomb is dropped on
Hiroshima
66,000 people were killed
instantly – 69,000 injured
9 Aug 1945 – atomic
bomb is dropped on
Nagasaki
39,000 people were killed
instantly – 25,000 injured
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2 Sept 1945
V-J Day
CHAPTER 21
Chapter Wrap-Up
1. How did regional conflicts grow to involve
many nations in World War II?
2. How did Hitler use prejudice as a tool?
3. How was the technology of World War II
both beneficial and destructive?
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Bell Ringer 21.6:
What were the principal lines of
Allied advance?
G________
M________
G______
S______
I__ J____