Transcript Japan - wecakimsmith

Warm Up!
• How did Hitler change the
GOVERNMENT in Germany?
• How did Hitler change EDUCATION
in Germany?
Japan
• By the 1920s the military essentially
ran Japan’s government.
• Japan had very limited natural
resources and had only begun the
process of industrialization in the
late 1800s. Like other industrialized
nations, Japan needed to secure
resources and new markets.
• In the 1930s, Japan entered a phase
of empire-building, using aggressive
military action to achieve
domination over key regions in Asia.
The Rape of Nanking
• The Rape of Nanking
occurred in Nanjing, China,
after it fell to the
Japanese Army in 1937.
• In 1938, the Japanese
army committed numerous
atrocities, such as rape,
looting, and arson.
• The executions began by
trying to eliminate Chinese
soldiers disguised as
civilians. However, a large
number of men, women,
and children were raped
and killed.
Mussolini Invades Ethiopia
• Mussolini’s ambitions included
imperial expansion.
• He wanted Italy to build an empire
that would rival that of Great Britain.
• In 1935, Mussolini invaded Ethiopia,
one of only four nations on the
continent of Africa that had held off
European imperialism and remained
independent into the 20th century.
Hitler Rearms
• When Hitler became chancellor, he
built up the armed forces. In March
1936, Hitler’s troops retook the
Rhineland.
• France, terrified at the prospect of
fighting another world war, did nothing.
• Britain urged other nations to do
whatever was necessary to avoid
starting a full-scale armed conflict with
Germany.
• This policy of appeasement — making
concessions or failing to counteract an
aggressor in order to avoid war —
guided Europe’s reaction to Hitler’s
moves over the next three years.
• In October 1936,
Germany and
Italy entered into
a formal alliance
known as the
Rome-Berlin
Axis.
• Less than a
month later,
Germany made a
similar
agreement with
Japan.
Collectively,
these three
nations came to
be known as the
Axis Powers.
The Axis Powers
Germany Takes Austria
• Hitler believed
that all Germanspeaking peoples
in Europe should
be part of the new
German empire he
planned to build.
Many of these peoples
lived in countries that bordered Germany
• In March of 1938, German troops took control of
Austria, declaring it to be a part of Germany.
• Again, Hitler faced no consequences from the
international community for his actions.
Germany Takes Czechoslovakia
• In March 1938, the Munich Conference
produced an agreement between
Germany, Britain, Italy, and France that
part of Czechoslovakia would
immediately be given to Germany with
promises that German aggression would
come to an end.
• In March 1939, Hitler invaded and took
the rest of Czechoslovakia.
• Fearing that Hitler would next set his
sights on Poland, Britain and France
publicly promised to protect the country
against Nazi aggression.
Non-Aggression Pact
• In August 1939, the Soviet Union and
Germany publicly agreed to a ten-year
nonaggression pact: a public
agreement never to attack one
another.
• They also secretly negotiated a deal
concerning Poland: Stalin would not
act against Germany if it attacked
Poland, then Germany and the Soviet
Union would divide Poland between
them after the Germans seized the
country.
Germany Invades Poland
• On September 1, 1939, Germany
invaded Poland.
• Two days later, Britain and France
declared war on Germany.
• Within a month, Germany had all of
Poland under its control.
• The invasion reflected a new German
military strategy known as blitzkrieg
(meaning “lightning war”) in which the
Nazis used fast-moving planes and
tanks for an initial attack, followed by
a massive invasion of ground troops.
Germany Takes France
• In early June 1940, the Italians and
Nazis attacked France from the
south.
• On June 14th, Paris fell to the
Germans, and on June 22nd, France
surrendered to Germany.
• French General Charles de Gaulle
fled to London. From there he set up
a government-in-exile and named
himself the leader of the “Free
French.”
The Battle of Britain
• Hitler turned his attention to Great Britain. His
goal was to disable the Royal Air Force (RAF)
and then launch a land assault against the
island nation.
• The Battle of Britain lasted until May 1941.
Many civilians died and hundreds of buildings
were reduced to rubble, but the British
eventually prevailed because of several factors:
• The development of radar allowed the British to know
the number, speed, and direction of incoming enemy
warplanes.
• Most German attacks took place at night, & the British
government imposed a total blackout to ensure that
the Germans could not use lights from England’s
buildings to help them locate targets to bomb.
Civilians used thick black curtains or black paint to
lightproof their windows, and cities refrained from
using street lights at night.
Germany Turns East
• Hitler’s obsession with expanding
eastward led him to break his treaty
with Stalin.
• In June 1941, the Germans invaded
the Soviet Union in Operation
Barbarossa. The ensuing campaign
was one of the deadliest in history and
lasted four years, as the German army
attempted to destroy the Soviet
Unions’ Red Army.
• With the German invasion of the
Soviet Union, Winston Churchill
announced that, “All who resist Nazi
domination shall have our aid.”