Transcript Rosie the Riveter

Four Freedoms
FDR’s Ideas
Norman Rockwell’s Art
Freedom from Want
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Worship
Freedom from Fear
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (Source: Library of Congress).
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. (Source: U.S. Navy, News Photo Division, Navy Office
of Information.)
Rations
Ration stamps became necessary during World War II when gasoline, tires, selected foodstuffs,
and other products became scarce. These stamps were illustrated with patriotic symbols to suggest
that rationing was a patriotic sacrifice, not a hardship. Young children often shopped for groceries
with the ration stamps because their parents were working.
(Sources: National Archives, and Scott Foresman Addison Wesley, Picture Research Dept.)
Navajo “Code Talkers”
The Navaho and members of other American Indian
tribes were especially useful as "code talkers" because
their unwritten languages were indecipherable to the
Axis enemies. (Library of Congress)
Cpl. Henry Bake, Jr., and Pfc. George
H. Kirk, Navajos serving in December
1943 with a Marine Corps signal unit,
operate a portable radio set in a
clearing that they have hacked in the
dense jungle close behind the front
lines. (NARA, 127-N-69889B)
WAVES and WACs
Members of
5222d WAC
Detachment,
stationed at
Hollandia,
Dutch New
Guinea, at
work in the
base finance
office, 1945.
(National
Archives)
WACs at
U.S. Army
base post
office,
England, sort
mail destined
for the ETO
by military
unit number,
1944.
(National
Archives)
Rosie the Riveter
"Rosie the Riveter" became perhaps the most familiar symbol of women's contribution to the war effort
during WWII. After the war ended, the government urged women to return to the traditional roles of wife
and mother to make room for returning servicemen. (Library of Congress)
Rosie the Riveter
These women are working in an airplane factory during World War II. Before the war was
over, the United States produced 86,000 airplanes, all of which were vital to winning the war.
(National Archives)
Rosie the Riveter
This government poster celebrates the
role of women in World War II defense
plants, where they played a pivotal role in
producing the necessary supplies for war.
(National Archives)
Rose Will Monroe worked at Ford's Willow
Run Aircraft Factory in 1942 building military
planes. While on duty, she caught the eye of
Hollywood producers who were casting a film
promoting war bonds. Monroe's self-sufficient,
patriotic, plucky persona resulted in the
renowned Rosie the Riveter "We Can Do It!"
poster by J. Howard Miller.
Japanese Internment
Before being sent to relocation centers,
Japanese Americans in California, Oregon, and
Washington had to sell all of their belongings
and take only what they could carry with them
to assembly centers such as this one in Los
Angeles. (National Archives)
Even young Japanese Americans (Nisei, as the second
generation were known) born to U.S. citizenship were
forced to give up their liberties due to the perceived
wartime emergency. At the relocation camps, they would
be taught such civics lessons as the importance of
freedom in United States. (National Archives)
Japanese Internment
Japanese-American family tagged and waiting to
go to detention camp, photographed by Dorothea
Lange in 1942. (National Archives)
A mother and son, interned at a temporary
relocation camp, pose with a picture of her older
son wearing his U.S. Army uniform. Japanese
Americans living on the West Coast faced grim
conditions in remote internment camps. (National
Archives, Still Pictures Branch)
Japanese Internment
Mr. and Mrs. K. Iseri closed their
drugstore in preparation for the
forthcoming evacuation from
"Little Tokyo" in Los Angeles after
the United States entered World
War II. (National Archives)
Western Migration – Example of Richmond, California
Miss Odie Mae
Embry, one of
the 1,000 skilled
Negro women
working at the
Kaiser
shipyards,
Richmond,
California, who
helped build the
SS George
Washington
Carver,
launched on
May 7, 1943.
Atchison Village, WW2 housing
complex built for shipyard workers
California shipyard workers. Workers on the
day shift at the Richmond, California
shipyards leaving the ferry in San Francisco.
(Library of Congress)
THE SLEEPY LAGOON BOYS
Group photo of the Sleepy Lagoon boys taken July 1943 at San Quentin Prison, California:
(first row) Gus Zamora, Manuel Reyes, Bobby Telles, Manny Delgado, Jose "Chepe" Ruiz, Hank Ynostroza;
(second row) Jack Melendez, Victor Thompson, Angel Padilla, John Y. Matuz, Ysmael "Smiles" Parra, Henry Leyvas.
Atomic Bomb
Nagasaki after the atomic bomb
attack on August 9, 1945.
The attacks on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki marked the beginning
of the atomic age.
(U.S. Air Force)
Atomic bomb test, part of
Exercise Desert Rock, Ucca Flats,
November 1, 1951. Photo taken by
Cpl. McCauhey.
(National Archives and Records
Administration).
“Containment” and the Family
I Love Lucy, (1953)
Senator Joseph R. McCarthy (19081957), ca. 1954
(National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the U.S. Information Agency)
To Secure Justice in the
Rosenberg Case. Circa 1951.
(Michigan State University Library,
Special Collections Division)
The Red Scare – Containing Communist Threats
Ethel and Julius
Rosenberg, 1942…
and their sons
http://www.here-now.org/shows/2003/06/20030618_5.asp
Robert (left) and Michael
Rosenberg (now Meeropol) after
visiting parents in prison, 1953
The Hollywood Ten (circa 1950).
[Pamphlet: Michigan State University Library,
Special Collections Division. Photo: Cinema
Journal 39.2 (2000) 7.]
American Suburbs: Aerial view of Levittown, Pennsylvania. ed
Latcham, ca. 1959. (National Archives and Records Administration)
Cold War Strategy –
Massive Retaliation
& Brinkmanship
The explosion of a U.S. test bomb over an uninhabited island in the Pacific on November 1, 1952,
demonstrated to the world the fearsome power of the hydrogen bomb. This early H-bomb was
capable of destroying a city the size of Washington, D.C. (National Archives)
Civil Rights – Court Decisions – Sweatt v. Painter
Despite hard work, Heman Sweatt found his law school
experience very difficult at The University of Texas. He
felt tremendous pressure to excel and became distracted
by the publicity and prejudices he faced.
[Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin,
Craft (Juanita Jewel Shanks) Collection, CN 02732]
http://utopia.utexas.edu/explore/clark/sweatt.html
Civil Rights – Court Decisions – Hernandez v. Texas
“This case gave civil rights protections to persons of
Hispanic origin. In 1950, Pete Hernandez was charged with
murder and convicted by an all-white jury in Jackson County,
Texas. Like many Texas counties at the time, Jackson
County systematically excluded Hispanic persons from jury
service. On appeal to the Supreme Court, Hernandez
argued that the equal protection guarantee of the U.S.
Constitution protected persons from discrimination not just
on the basis of race, but also on the basis of class. The
Supreme Court agreed, and ruled that Hernandez had the
constitutional right to be tried by a jury of his peers, and any
system that excluded persons of his own class was invalid.”
http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/clark/hernandez.html
Civil Rights – Court Decisions – Psychological Effects of Segregation
Kenneth Clark studied the impact of segregation on children by having them pick between playing with a white doll
or a black doll. Invariably, children chose the white doll as this photo illustrates. (Library of Congress)
Civil Rights – Court Decisions – A Segregated School
Children in segregated schools studied in wretched physical conditions but benefited from dedicated
African American teachers. The Supreme Court struck down school segregation in the landmark 1954
case Brown v. Board of Education, arguing in its unanimous decision that separate facilities were
inherently unequal. (Created Equal; Jones, et.al.; pg. 852)
Civil Rights – Court Decisions – An Integrated School
Teacher Marjorie Beach with an integrated kindergarten class in Washington, D.C., as the school year
began in September 1954 following the Supreme Court’s ruling in Brown v. Board of Education the
previous spring. (Created Equal; Jones, et.al.; pg. 853).
Civil Rights – Montgomery Bus Boycott
Photo of Rosa Parks fingerprinted after arrest on
Montgomery, AL bus on December 1, 1955.
AP photo from the Library of Congress.
Rosa Parks sits in the front of a bus in Montgomery,
Alabama, in 1956 after the U.S. Supreme Court
ruled segregation illegal on the city's bus system.
Behind Parks is Nicholas C. Chriss, a UPI reporter
covering the event. UP photo, Library of Congress.
Civil Rights – Little Rock, Arkansas – Little Rock Nine.
Little Rock Nine.
Group of youth who
entered Little Rock’s
Central High School
under a federal court
order and with federal
military protection.
Eisenhower orders
1,000 paratroopers to
Little Rock the protect
the students and placed
the National Guard
under federal service.
The soldiers stayed for
one year.
“Sit-in Jackson, Mississippi, in June 1963” (Constructing the American Past, 251).
Seated (left to right) Professor John Salter, students Joan Trumpauer, and Anne Moody.
Source: http://www.hunterbear.org/Woolworth%20Sitin%20Jackson.htm
Another view of the sit-in in Jackson, Mississippi, in June 1963.
Source: http://www.hunterbear.org/directory.htm
JOAN TRUMPAUER MULHOLLAND
Freedom Rider, Mississippi activist
Sources: http://www.crmvet.org/images/imgband.htm
http://www.sisters-shoulders.org/heroines2.html
Joan Trumpauer and
Rev. Ed King, MS, 1963.
(Joan's sweatshirt says: "Just a
cracker from Georgia.")
HUNTER BEAR GRAY [a.k.a. Professor JOHN R SALTER JR.]
SNCC Civil Rights Activist
American Indian tribal affiliations: Mi'kmaq/St. Francis Abenaki/St. Regis Mohawk
Source: www.hunterbear.org
President John F. Kennedy
President-elect John F. Kennedy
shakes hands with Father Richard
J. Casey, the pastor, after
attending Mass at Holy Trinity
Church [...] prior to inauguration
ceremonies.
President Lyndon Baines Johnson “LBJ”
Lyndon B. Johnson takes the presidential oath on Air Force One
“Black Power”
The Six Original 'Black Panther Party for Self
Defense' Members, Nov. 1966.
Tommie Smith (gold medal) and John
Carlos (bronze medal) famously performed
the Black Power salute on the 200 m
winners podium at the 1968 Olympics,
Mexico City.
Afro Rake
Source:
http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/historyimages/#
New Left: Students for a Democratic Society
Motto
“We are the people of this
generation, bred in at
least moderate comfort,
housed in universities,
looking uncomfortably to
the world we inherit.”
Tom Hayden
SDS co-founder,
Berkeley, 1969
http://www.studentsforademocraticsociety.org/
Anti-war Movement
Laurie Sandow,
unknown V.V.A.W.
member & Robert
Mueller at anti-war
march, 1971-72, NYC
John Kerry with ex-Beatle John
Lennon at anti-war protest rally,
NYC’s City's Bryant Park,
Summer 1971.
The Vietnam War sparked a tremendous amount
of opposition that occasionally resulted in massive
protests. Here, the army was called out to
maintain order. Sometimes the protestors and the
military personnel would clash. (National Archives)
Counterculture: Hippies
Source: http://library.thinkquest.org/27942/indexf.htm
Feminism – Betty Friedan & The Feminist Mystique
Feminism – National Organization for Women
Sexual Revolution
Hispanic Rights: United Farm Workers
Chicano Movement: United Farm Workers: César Chávez on Hunger Strike
with Robert Kennedy and Dolores Huerta (on far left).
American Indian Movement: March on Wounded Knee
The Gay Liberation Front
The American Psychiatric Association
categorized homosexuality as a
mental disorder until 1973.
One of the major social changes of the
1970s and 1980s was the willingness
of gays and lesbians to express their
sexual preferences publicly while
demanding full legal and civil
recognition. (Photodisc, Inc.)