Transcript Continue the War in the Pacific

Continue the War in the Pacific
Office of Price Administration
• Office of Price Administration (OPA), U.S. federal agency
in World War II, established to prevent wartime inflation.
• The OPA issued (Apr., 1942) a general maximum-price
regulation that made prices charged in Mar., 1942, the
ceiling prices for most commodities.
• Besides controlling prices, the OPA was also empowered
to ration scarce consumer goods in wartime. Tires,
automobiles, sugar, gasoline, fuel oil, coffee, meats, and
processed foods were ultimately rationed.
War Fought Using Technology
• Technology during World War II played a crucial role in
determining the outcome of the war.
• Office of Scientific Research and Development was an
agency of the United States federal government created to
coordinate scientific research for World War II.
1. Improvement of radar
2. Synthetic rubber
3. Aviation improvements
4. Antibiotics
5. DDT
6. Napalm
Race for the “A” Bomb
1939 Einstein Warns FDR of German Plans to Build a Bomb.
Einstein Letters
In 1942 Enrico Fermi successfully controlled a nuclear
reaction at the University of Chicago.
The Manhattan Project: J. Robert Oppenheimer, The project
succeeded in developing and detonating three nuclear
Click on picture to learn more.
weapons in 1945
Propaganda in the U.S. During WWII
“We must remember that in time of war what is said on the
enemy's side of the front is always propaganda, and what is said
on our side of the front is truth and righteousness, the cause of
humanity and a crusade for peace.” (Walter Lippman)
• Goal of WWII propaganda was manipulation of public opinion.
• Sometimes subtle, as in Norman Rockwell’s The Four
Freedoms.
• Often explicit as in Walt Disney’s The Fuhrer’s Face.
Norman Rockwell’s The Four Freedoms
Norman Rockwell’s The Four Freedoms
Four Freedoms
We look forward to a world founded upon four essential human
freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression-everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person
to worship God in his own way-- everywhere in the world. The
third is freedom from want . . . everywhere in the world. The fourth
is freedom from fear . . . anywhere in the world.
--President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Message to Congress, January
6, 1941
Walt Disney’s The Fuhrer’s Face
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Office of War Information (OWI)
Created in 1942 and served as an important U.S.
government propaganda agency.
Voice of America (VOA)
• First broadcast, in German, took
place on Feb. 24, 1942 to counter
Nazi propaganda among the German
people.
• By the time World War II ended,
the VOA was broadcasting 3,200
programs in 40 languages every
week.
Propaganda's Effects @ Home
Italian and German Americans treated well, not true for
Japanese Americans.
• Japanese American
internment, forced
removal and of
approximately 120,000.
• Japanese and
Japanese Americans
(62% of whom were
United States citizens)
from the West Coast of
the United States during
World War II.
Financing the War
1. Sale of war bonds
2. Increase in tax rates and tax both
rich and poor
3. Income tax withholding keeps $
coming in
4. Excess Profits tax for companies
making war time products
5. Govt. still needs to barrow $.
Allied Strategies & Advantages
• Excellent cooperation, and coordination of forces on a
global scale. Political decisions preempt military decisionsmust cooperate to survive.
• Amer. industrial capacity was limitless- US leads the world
in industry and safe from bombs.
• Superior moral position- fighting to survive, fighting an
aggressor, fighting for the free world.
• Conquer Germany first because both GB and USSR under
immediate threat of destruction. Meanwhile Japan must be
held back to prevent fall of Australia and Hawaii.
The Pacific
• Fall of the Philippines - Result was a Japanese victory,
perseverance of the defenders delayed Japanese attacks on
other areas and assisted Allied counterattacks.
• The Doolittle Raid - B-25 bombers would take off from
carriers, attack Japan, and land in China
Click below Coral Sea
View picture to learn more about Doolittle
• Battle of Coral Sea: Pyrrhic victory
for Japan.
In Germany
In the meantime we need to develop a plan to attack
Germany because they control much of Europe.