Transcript Hiroshima - Cloudfront.net

Hiroshima
By John Hersey
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
LEADING UP TO HIROSHIMA
Causes of World War I - Assassination
Austrian
Archduke
Franz
Ferdinand
was killed in
Bosnia by a
Serbian
nationalist who
believed that
Bosnia should
belong to Serbia.
Causes of World War I - Assassination
Gavrilo Princip after assassination
of Austrian Archduke Franz
Ferdinand.
What happened next?


Gavrilo Princip was
from Serbia, so Austria
wanted them to
apologise and pay
compensation. Serbia
refused, so Austria
declared war.
Russia was Serbia’s
ally, so they declared
war on Austria.



Germany declared war
on Russia and Serbia.
France declared war on
Austria and Germany.
Italy declared war on
France and Russia.
Germany invaded
Belgium, so Britain
declared war.
How World War I started


Austria

Germany

Italy
Serbia

Russia

France

Britain
BOSNIA
What did the treaty do?

Treaty of Versailles

A League of Nations
was established to
enable countries to
keep peace.
Germany was made
to take the blame.

What happened after the war?

Germany was made
to pay out huge
sums of money in
compensation.
 They were also
made to give up
some land.

Germany was also
forced to reduce the
size of her armies
and to sink her
ships.
 As a result the
country became
bankrupt.
The situation got worse!

Germany began
to re-build her
ships and build up
her armies.
Rise of Adolf Hitler


In Germany Adolf Hitler came to power in
1933 as a fascist dictator.
On September 1, 1939 Germany invaded
Poland without a declaration of war. This
starts World War II.
Continued…
Britain and France declared war on Germany on
September 3, 1939.
 Italy declared war on France and Britain on June 10,
1940.
 JAPAN ON AMERICA

WHY DID AMERICA
DROP BOMBS ON
JAPAN?
Inciting incident:
Sunday December 7, 1941
Aerial attack on
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor: A United States navy base on Oahu,
Hawaii
-Also home to the Pacific Fleet
-Japan didn’t want the US Pacific Fleet to interfere with
their war plans in Southeast Asia
-353 Japanese bombers, torpedo and fighter planes
destroyed many Navy battleships
-2,402 Americans were killed and 1,282 were wounded
CLIPS
Actual Attack footage:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3e99lfm
mDN0
Hollywood footage:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwx
QgoY
US Propaganda footage:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyjicU8
3-Zs
ATTACK
The battleship Arizona was hit with an
armor piercing bomb
 the Overall, 9 ships of the U.S. fleet
were sunk
 21 ships were severely damaged. 3 of
the 21 would be irreparable.
 The overall death toll reached 2,350,
including 68 civilians, and 1,178 injured.
 Japan would lose 29 out of the 350
planes

Roosevelt declares war on
Japan

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lK8g
YGg0dkE
A Grinding War in the Pacific

In 1945, the U.S. began targeting people in order
to coerce Japan to surrender
66 major Japanese cities bombed
 500,000 civilians killed

Atom
Diplomacy
FDR had funded the top-secret Manhattan
Project to develop an atomic bomb
 Dr. Robert Oppenheimer successfully tested
in the summer of 1945.
 FDR had died on April 12, 1945, and the
decision was left to Harry Truman.
 An amphibious invasion could cost over
350,000 Allied casualties.

The Manhattan Project

Pres. Roosevelt was
warned by Einstein
in 1939 about
nuclear research by
the Nazis
 M.P. started in 1942
by FDR
Manhattan Project

First nuclear
reaction in 1942
(Fermi @ U of
Chicago)
 U-235 created in
1945 in Oak Ridge
 July 16,1945 first
nuclear test in White
Sands NM
Turning Points
of the War: The Pacific

August 6, 1945 – Enola Gay drops bomb
on Hiroshima


August 9, 1945 – Nagasaki


140,000 dead; radiation sickness;
80% of buildings destroyed
70,000 dead; 60,000 injured
Emperor Hirohito surrenders on Aug.
14, 1945.

Formal surrender signed on
September 2 onboard the battleship
Missouri in Tokyo Bay
Little Boy






14 Kilo Tons capacity
(TNT)
10 Feet in Length
A product of $2 billion of
research
Uranium-235 atomic
bomb
Two-third of Hiroshima
was destroyed
Within three miles of the
explosion, 60,000 of the
90,000 buildings were
demolished.
HIROSHIMA
Before
After
Hiroshima

Population
3,50,000

Died Immediately
0,70,000

Died (Radiation)
0,70,000
Effects of Nuclear Weapons
Energy from a Nuclear Weapon
•Blast
•Heat
•Radiation
Blast
50% of energy is released as blast and shock waves.
Blast
50% of energy is released as blast and shock waves.
Heat
35% of energy is released as heat.
Radioactive Fallout
10% of energy is released as radioactive fallout.
Kazuo Matsumuro was 32 when she witnessed the
Hiroshima bombing 1300 meters from the epicenter. She
said that people's skin was falling off and they kept their
arms in front of them like zombies to prevent the skin from
sticking.
‘Little
Boy’
‘Fat Man’
The Little Boy
Created with U-235
 The bomb dropped
on Hiroshima
 Dropped on Aug. 6
1945 by the Enola
Gay at 8:45 a.m.

City of Hiroshima
City of Hiroshima
Japan’s 7th largest
city
 Had not been
bombed yet
 Headquarters of
Japan’s second
army
 Factories for war
materials

Facts about A-Bomb

Blast equaled
15,000 tons of TNT
 Detonated about
1000 feet above the
ground (hypocenter)
 Hiroshima surprised
because of only one
B-29 plane seen
that morning
John Hersey



Born on June 17, 1914
in Tientsin, China.
Graduated from Yale
and Cambridge then
began a distinguished
writing career
Won the Pulitzer Prize
in 1945 for A Bell for
Adano
More on Hersey….
-He was a war correspondent for LIFE
magazine and THE NEW YORKER when
he was commissioned to write about the
bombings
-The book used storytelling techniques of
fiction to highlight nonfiction reporting
Characters
 Miss
Toshiko
Sasaki
 Dr. Masakazu
Fujii
 Mrs.. Hatsuyo
Nakamura
 Dr.
Terufumi
Sasaki
 The Reverend
Mr. Kiyoshi
Tanimoto
 Father Wilhelm
Kleinsorge
Miss Toshiko Sasaki
 A clerk for the
East Asia Tin
Works
 Chatting with a
co-worker when
the bomb
exploded
Dr. Masakazu Fujii
Dr. who owns a
private hospital
 Just sat down to
read the paper
when the bomb
exploded

Mrs. Hatsuyo Nakamura
 A tailor’s widow
 She was looking
through her
kitchen window
when the bomb
exploded
Father Wilhelm Kleinsorge
A
German
Jesuit Priest
 He was reading
a magazine in a
cot when the
bomb exploded
Dr. Terufumi Sasaki
A
young
surgeon
 He was walking
along a hospital
corridor when
the bomb
exploded.
The Reverend Mr. Kiyoshi Tanimoto
Pastor of the
Hiroshima
Methodist
Church.
 He was unloading
a cart of clothes
when the bomb
exploded.

Looking Back
“Now I am
become Death,
the destroyer
of worlds.”
- Robert
Oppenheimer
Supervising
Scientist
Manhattan
Project

Publication of Hiroshima

Originally appeared
in The New Yorker
on Aug. 31 1946 as
a long article
 Story was later
published as a novel
 Last chapter added
in 1973
Looking Back
The Dropping of
the A-Bomb has
remained a very
controversial
subject
 Was it
necessary?
 What were the
results?

The End
English 9-Engelbert