Transcript Japan - Nicholas Senn High School

World War II
Sides
Battles
Axis Powers
(Communism, Dictatorship)
VS.
Allied Powers
(Democracy, Free Enterprise)
The Main Allied Powers
•United States
•United Kingdom
•Soviet Union
•France
The main Axis Powers were?
• Germany
Nazi Germany
• Italy
Fascist Italy
• Japan
Japan
Hitler
Germany
Italy
Hitler
(right)
Mussolini
(left)
Japan
Hideki Tojo
• Forced Konoye’
to resign
• Became Japan’s
Prime Minister
• Approved the
attack on Pearl
Harbor
USA
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Winston Churchill
Prime
Minister
Of the
United
Kingdom
United Kingdom Map
France
Charles De Gaulle
France’s
President
Soviet Union
Joseph
Stalin
General Secretary
of the Central
Committee of the
Soviet Union
Reason the War Started
• Germany wants the Sudetenland (rich in resources)
to fuel his war machine.
• Sudetenland located in
Austria/Hungary/Czechoslovakia
• Anschluss unification of Austria and Germany
• Great Britain and France appease Nazi Party to
prevent war
• Czechoslovakia upset democracy
• Germany demand the Danzig port back to Germany
(strong ties with Germany)
• Nazi sign Non-aggression Act with Russia
• World War II (Length)
• Sept 1st, 1939 - Officially starts when Germany invades
Poland
• December 8th, 1941 - US declares War on Japan (day after
Pearl Harbor)
– 2300 servicemen,18 ships and 150 planes lost
– Congress voted; Senate 82-0 and House 388-1 to declare war on
Japan
• June 6th, 1944 – D-Day
• February of 1945 - Germany surrenders at Yalta in
• August 6th, 1945 - First A-bomb dropped (Hiroshima killed 80,00 Japan says 200,00? –90% of city)
• August 9th, 1945 - Second A-bomb dropped (Nagasaki –
killed 45,000)
• September 2nd, 1945 Japan surrenders (War over)
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War and Battles
Key Dates
Germany invades Soviet Union
German troops invade Balkan countries
Pearl Harbor
Battle of Alamein
Battle of Stahlingrad
Bataan Death March
Battle of Atlantic
D-Day Invasion (Normandy)
Battle of the Bulge
Battle of the Coral Sea
Battle of Midway
Guadalcanal
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Battle of Iwo Jima
Battle of Okinawa
Manhattan Project
Leningrad
• Now called St. Petersburg
• Germany surrounds Leningrad and 600,000
civilians starve and die
• 1941-1942 4,000 Soviets a day starve
Balkan Invasion
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German drive British forces from Greece
take control of Caspian Sea (oil)
Suez Canal trade.
Germany forces British and other soldiers to
work in labor camps
Caspian Sea
Suez Canal
Battle of Alamein
• Italy and Germany have control of Northern Africa and are
headed towards Cairo/Suez Canal
• US decides to start here because the Axis forces are less
powerful and stop German forces from Tunisia to Libya.
• The Battle of Alamein forces Germany out Northern Africa
Battle of Stalingrad
• Some of the fiercest fighting of war
• Germany halted at Stalingrad in 1943 after
3 months of fighting
• 300,000 Germans and 500,000 Soviets dead
Remember Stalingrad
"We think of the great battle on the Volga without hatred or malice.
However, we consider Stalingrad to be a lesson from the past which,
unfortunately, must be remembered. Should that war be recalled? Some
think not, but I don't agree. That war must be recalled until the time when
mankind will say: "we don't want war and will do everything possible to
prevent it so that never again will there be war on this earth".
There will be a day when we shall stop recalling the war and say: it
was the last - not because we should like to believe it is so, but because we
shall know it is so.
Text by the Soviet writer Konstantin Simonov.
Bataan Death March
• General Douglas MacArthur put in charge of the
Philippines, but could do little to stop Japan
• Japan takes American base at the Philippines by
seizing the Capital at Manilla
• Japan target British Naval base at Singapore
• Japan takes British, American and Filipino prisoners
and were put on a Death March of over 65 miles
were they are clubbed, shot and starved.
• Around 7,000-10,000 Filipino’s were killed
• MacArthur ordered to flee to Australia, stated “I
shall return!”
Bataan
Peninsula
The Bataan Penninsula is
Located 28 miles west of
Minila
Bombing of Tokyo
• While MacArthur was leaving the Philippines,
Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle was put in
command of the mission that bombed Japan on
April 18.
• In early 1942, B-25 bombers replaced the aircraft
carriers’ short-range bombers because they could
attack from farther away. Tokyo was the key
target.
Battle at Coral Sea
• American Navy despite being half the size of
Japans stop Japan’s movement towards Australia
• Battle fought by Warplanes
• Beginning of Japanese decline
Battle of Midway
• Japan send 100 ships to Midway
to take the Base to continue
towards Hawaii
• US intercepted and decoded
message to help.
• War fought mostly by planes,
shot down 38 Zero’s
• US sank 4 Japanese Warships in
a period of minutes to send
Japan retreating.
• Turning point of war with Japan
Guadalcanal
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City in Solomon Islands controlled by Japan
First US offensive.
Marine stormed the shores to root out Japan.
Many causalities but finally succeeded
Solomon Islands
Guadalcanal Map
Europe an N. Africa
Midway in Oceania
Hawaii
Map of Southeast Asia
Battle of the Atlantic
• At first US could do little to stop Japan in the
Pacific.
• Admiral Charles Nimitz used convoys to prevent
Japan from sinking our “Liberty Ships”
• US forces takes control of the Atlantic for the 1st
time.
• German U-boats lose their effectiveness at sea.
Battle of the Bulge (cont.)
• Germany last ditch effort to take back France and regain some power
•Germany made some ground but not enough
•This is were the phrase “Bend but not Break” was used
D-Day Invasion
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Normandy (North Shore of France)
Code Name “Operation Overlord”
Largest single invasion in military history
Elaborate plan that included Mulberry Harbor
British and US main designers of the plan
Total estimated dead:
– 2500 Allies
– 4,000 to 9,000 Axis
– (mostly Germans)
Higgins Boats
Normandy
Invasion
Mulberry Harbor
Leyte Gulf
• Largest Naval engagement in History
• US wiped out Japan’s Navy for good.
Map of Leyte Gulf (in Philippians)
Iwo Jima
• Small island in the Pacific
• Part of Island hopping technique in Pacific
• US victory took control of airbase
Iwo Jima (Memorial in DC)
Iwo Jima (Memorial in DC)
Map of
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
• Another major
Island hopping
victory in the
Pacific
• US Victory
Battle of the Bulge
Manhattan
Project
Hiroshima
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A city of military and industrial significance in Japan
7th Largest city in Japan
First A-bomb was dropped
Bomb dropped August 6 by Paul Tibbets
Name of the airplane was the “Anola Gay” Tibbets mother
Instantly killed 80,00 people, Japan claimed 200,00
Nagasaki
• Nagasaki was picked as a result of Military and Industrial
importance also
• It was the largest port in south Japan
• Instantly killed 45,000 people
Paul Tibbets and the Anola Gay
Little Boy
After Little Boy
Fat Man
After Fat Man
September 2nd,
1945
Japan surrenders
(Pearl Cont.)
Effects
• On July 26th, 1945, China, UK and the US called for a
Japanese surrender at the Potsdam Declaration. Japan
ignored the ultimatum.
• 10 days later Truman gave the order.
• Within the first 4 months of the drop, 90 to 166,000 est.
dead at Hiroshima and 60 to 80,000 dead at Nagasaki.
• It is believed that 60% of the deaths died instantly from
flash, flame or falling debris.
• 6 day later Japan surrendered
• 60 to 70 million died 40 to 50 million civilians
• Divide by 4
• On Sunday, December 7th, 1941 the Japanese launched a surprise
attack against the U.S. Forces stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. By
planning his attack on a Sunday, the Japanese commander Admiral
Nagumo, hoped to catch the entire fleet in port. As luck would have it,
the Aircraft Carriers and one of the Battleships were not in port. (The
USS Enterprise was returning from Wake Island, where it had just
delivered some aircraft. The USS Lexington was ferrying aircraft to
Midway, and the USS Saratoga and USS Colorado were undergoing
repairs in the United States.)
• In spite of the latest intelligence reports about the missing aircraft
carriers (his most important targets), Admiral Nagumo decided to
continue the attack with his force of six carriers and 423 aircraft. At a
range of 230 miles north of Oahu, he launched the first wave of a twowave attack. Beginning at 0600 hours his first wave consisted of 183
fighters and torpedo bombers which struck at the fleet in Pearl Harbor
and the airfields in Hickam, Kaneohe and Ewa. The second strike,
launched at 0715 hours, consisted of 167 aircraft, which again struck
at the same targets.
• At 0753 hours the first wave consisting of 40 Nakajima B5N2 "Kate"
torpedo bombers, 51 Aichi D3A1 "Val" dive bombers, 50 high
altitude bombers and 43 Zeros struck airfields and Pearl Harbor
Within the next hour, the second wave arrived and continued the
attack.
Pearl Harbor Casualties
Casualties
• USArmy : 218 KIA, 364 WIA.
• USNavy: 2,008 KIA, 710 WIA.
• USMarineCorp: 109 KIA, 69 WIA.
• Civilians: 68 KIA, 35 WIA.
TOTAL: 2,403 KIA, 1,178 WIA.
Battleships
• USS Arizona (BB-39) - total loss when a bomb hit
magazine.
• USS Oklahoma (BB-37) - Total loss when she
capsized and sunk in the harbor.
• USS California (BB-44) - Sunk at her berth. Later
raised and repaired.
• USS West Virginia (BB-48) - Sunk at her berth.
Later raised and repaired.
• USS Nevada - (BB-36) Beached to prevent sinking.
Later repaired.
• USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) - Light damage.
• USS Maryland (BB-46) - Light damage.
• USS Tennessee (BB-43) Light damage.
Destroyers
• USS Downes (DD-375) - Destroyed. Parts salvaged.
• USS Cassin - (DD-37 2) Destroyed. Parts salvaged.
• USS Shaw (DD-373) - Very heavy damage.
• USS Helm (DD-388) - Light Damage.
Cruisers
•USS New Orleans (CA-32) - Light Damage..
•USS San Francisco (CA38) - Light Damage.
•USS Detroit (CL-8) - Light Damage.
•USS Raleigh (CL-7) - Damaged but repaired.
•USS Helena (CL-50) - Light Damage.
•USS Honolulu (CL-48) - Light Damage..
Minelayer
•USS Ogala (CM-4) – Sunk, later raised and
repaired.
Seaplane Tender
•USS Curtiss (AV-4) - Severely damaged but later
repaired.
Repair Ship
•USS Vestal (AR-4) - Sever ely damaged but later
repaired.
Harbor Tug
•USS Sotoyomo (YT-9) - Sunk but later raised and
repaired.
Aircraft
•188 Aircraft destroyed (92 USN and 92 U.S. Army
Air Corps.)
Pearl Harbor Photos
Photos found in an old Brownie stored in a
foot locker from a sailor who, was on the
USS QUAPAW ATF-11O.
Pearl Harbor 1
Pearl Harbor 2
Pearl Harbor 3
Pearl Harbor 4
Pearl Harbor 5
Pearl Harbor 6
Pearl Harbor 7
Pearl Harbor 8
Pearl Harbor 9
Pearl Harbor 10
Pearl Harbor 11
Pearl Harbor 12
Pearl Harbor 13
Pearl Harbor 14
Pearl Harbor 15
WW I Fatalities
WW II Fatalities
Country
Military
Civilian
Total
Soviet Union*
8,668,000
16,900,000
25,568,000
China
Germany
Poland
Japan
Yugoslavia
Rumania*
France*
Hungary*
Austria
Greece*
Italy
1,324,000
3,250,000
850,000
1,506,000
300,000
520,000
340,000
10,000,000
3,810,000
6,000,000
300,000
1,400,000
465,000
470,000
11,324,000
7,060,000
6,850,000
1,806,000
1,700,000
985,000
810,000
750,000
525,000
520,000
410,000
380,000
145,000
330,000
80,000
Czechoslovakia
400,000
Great Britain
USA
Holland
Belgium
Finland
Canada
India
Australia
Spain**
Bulgaria
326,000
295,000
14,000
10,000
79,000
42,000
36,000
39,000
12,000
19,000
62,000
New Zealand
12,000
12,000
South Africa
Norway
Denmark
9,000
5,000
4,000
9,000
5,000
4,000
236,000
75,000
***
10,000
2,000
388,000
295,000
250,000
85,000
79,000
42,000
36,000
39,000
22,000
21,000
The
End
Pearl Harbor
December 7th, 1941
• 2300 soldiers, 150 planes and 18 ships lost
• Congress voted 82-0 (Senate) and 388-1 (House)
to declare war on Japan.
• FDR “This day will live in infamy”
• Tojo “I feel we have woke a sleeping giant!”
Strategy
Pearl Harbor had two characteristics that made it
susceptible to attack.
(1)The harbor was shallow and a bottleneck.
(2) Oahu is shaped like a bowl (high on the edges and
low in the middle)
Oahu
Pearl Harbor
Torpedo Technology
Kate Torpedo