Transcript “The Beginning of World War II”

Japan becomes
militarisitic,
imperialistic, and
anti-western
Russia bitter over being left
out by and outcomes of the
Treaty of Versailles
Resentment by Germany
over the Treaty of Versailles
Economic depression
in Europe (1929-1939)
Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)
1.
Leader of Soviet Union after
death of Lenin in 1924
2. Transforms country into
Industrial power (Five-Year Plan
and New Economic Policy)
3. Executed anyone against his rule
(Great Purge)
4. Communist form of govt.
Benito Mussolini (Italy)
1.
2.
3.
Appointed head of govt. by king
of Italy in 1922
Used Black Shirts (secret army)
to enforce his policies
Fascist form of govt.
Adolph Hitler
(Germany)
1. 1919 joins National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) & becomes leader
2. Wrote Mein Kampf to express political and racial views
3. Appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933 (Third Reich est.)
4. Nazism form of govt. (German version of Fascism)
Hermann Goring
(Germany)
Joseph Goebbels
(Germany)
1.
2.
Military leader and politician
(2nd in charge)
Founded the Gestapo and
Commander of the Luftwaffe
1.
2.
Politician and Minister of
Propaganda
An author of the Final Solution
Emperor Hirohito(Japan)
1.
2.
3.
In 1926 becomes Emperor of Japan
Head of State under Constitution
of Japan
Japanese belief = Emperor was god
on Earth
Hideki Tojo (Japan)
1.
2.
3.
3.
Japanese military leader
Nationalist and Imperialist
beliefs (Anti-Western views)
In 1941 becomes Prime Minister
Installs a Imperialist Military
Regime form of govt.
1.
September 19, 1931 - Japan invades Manchuria
2.
March 7, 1936 - Germany invades Rhineland
3.
May 9, 1936 - Italy invades Ethiopia
4.
July 18, 1936 – Spanish Civil War begins (Germany and
Italy support Fascist leader Francisco Franco)
5.
July 1, 1937 – Japan invades China
6.
March 12, 1938 – Germany annex’s Austria
7. October 15, 1938 - Germany invades Sudetenland
8. March 15/16, 1939 - Germany invades Czechoslovakia
9. May 22, 1939 – Germany & Italy sign 'Pact of Steel'
10. Aug 23, 1939 – Germany & Soviet Union sign
‘Non-Aggression Pact’
11. September 1, 1939 - Germany invades Poland
(from the west)
12. September 17, 1939 - Soviets invade Poland
(from the east)
Definition: Diplomatic policy of making
concessions in order to avoid conflict
Used by Great Britain and
France throughout Germany’s
military aggression (1936-1939)
Munich Agreement –
 Hitler promised no further
aggression once Germany has
the Sudetenland
 Britain and France agree
Kellogg-Briand Pact- 1928 treaty
w/62 countries; states war would
not be used as national policy
U.S. policy in 1930’s = Isolationism
- 1933 recognize Soviet Union
- Good Neighbor Policy w/Latin America
Reciprocal Trade Agreement (1934)
- reduces tariffs to increase trade
Neutrality Acts (1935)
- no arms sales to any nations at war
- no loans to nations at war
Response to Japan’s attack on China
- U.S. sends supplies to China
- FDR speaks out against isolationism
- Opinions are split in America
September 3, 1939 - Britain and
France declare war on Germany
(2 days after Invasion of Poland)
The Phony War (Sept. 1939 to May 1940) – period of
military aggression between Allied and Axis Powers
- Maginot Line: French and British built fortifications
along France’s eastern border
- Siegfried Line: German front line of troops a few
miles away from France’s border
1.
Sept. – Nov. 1939 - Soviets invade & annex Latvia,
Lithuania, Estonia, & Finland
2.
April 9, 1940 - Germany invades Denmark & Norway
3.
May 10, 1949 - Germany invades France, Netherlands,
Belgium, & Luxembourg
4.
June 10, 1940 - Italy declares war on Britain & France
5.
June 22, 1940 - France surrenders to Germany
Cash & Carry Provision – (added
to Neutrality Act of 1939) nations
at war can buy arms from U.S. as
long as they transport themselves
All Aid Short of War (1940) - U.S. supply
Britain and France with large amounts of
rifles, machine guns, & leased destroyers
Congress in 1940 increases Defense
Spending upon FDR’s request
Selective Service & Training Act (1940)
- 1st peacetime draft
Lend-Lease Act (1941) – U.S.
would lend or lease arms to
nations whose defense was vital
to the United States
Issues with German Wolf Packs
– to combat Lend-Lease Act Hitler sends
German U-Boats to prevent delivery
- Shoot on Sight – FDR’s command to U.S.
destroyer if U-Boat is seen
Atlantic Charter (1941) - joint
declaration of war aims w/Britain
- collective security
- disarmament
- self-determination
- economic cooperation
- freedom of the seas