Transcript File

America Enters WWII
A.P. U.S. HISTORY
CHAPTER 35
December 8, 1941- The U.S. declared war
against Japan
“Day of Infamy” Speech
Internal Migration in the United States
During World War II
Source: United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
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Rationing during WWII
 Rationing was a system that provided everyone with the
same amount of scarce goods.
 Some things were scarce because they were needed to
supply the military - gas, oil, metal, meat and other foods
 They didn't make Coca-Cola during the war because sugar
was so scarce. Other things disappeared entirely as well,
like silk stockings.
 Everyone was given a ration book. Each book had a bunch
of ration stamps in it.

Rationing continued
 Grocers and other business people would post what
your ration stamps could buy that week.
 It was up to you to decide how to spend your
stamps.
 Ration books became a way of life for everyone at
home during World War II
 You had to have ration stamps to buy things at the
store. It still cost money, but you couldn't even buy it
unless you had stamps.
North Africa
On November 8, 1942, the Allies launched
Operation Torch- code name for their invasion
of North Africa
 British and American forced carried out an
amphibious landing on the coast of North Africa
which involved more than 100,000 men and over
600 ships
 The successful mission allowed the Allies to take
more than 1,000 miles of North African coastline
 The Allies were able to launch an attack on
Southern Europe from North Africa
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Allied Invasion of Italy
 From July 10, 1943-July 22, 1943 U.S. and British forces began
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Operation Husky- code name for Allied invasion of the island of
Sicily using gliders, parachutes, and boats
The next day, July 23, 1943, Italy’s fascist ruler Benito Mussolini was
ousted in a peaceful coup
On September 8, 1943 Italy announced its unconditional surrender to
the Allies
As Allied forces advanced through southern Italy, German forces
resisted in central Italy forming the Winter Line- a fortified line of
German forces which resisted Allied advance for six months
After months of bombing and considerable casualties on both sides, the
Allies forced the Germans to northern Italy and Rome was liberated
from German occupation on June 4, 1944
D-day
 Beginning in 1943, Allied forces led by U.S. general Dwight D.
Eisenhower had been planning an invasion of France
 The Germans had anticipated such and invasion and began building the
Atlantic Wall- a series of heavily armed fortifications all along the
French coast
 The Allies instigated a mass disinformation campaign in hopes of
directing German forces away from the actual landing point
 Double agents in Britain (former German spies) helped to convince the
German leadership that the invasion would take place near Calais, the
point where the English Channel was narrowest, while in fact the
invasion was targeted farther south in Normandy
D-day
 Before dawn on June 6, 1944 175,000 allied soldiers began
to come ashore along a 60 mile coast of Normandy, France
 Overnight 20,000 British and American airborne troops
had been dropped by parachute and glider a short distance
inland of the coast and were ordered to do as much damage
as possible to the German fortified coastal defenses
 Over 6,000 boats, 11,000 airplanes, along with
motorcycles, tanks and bulldozers were used to invade
occupied France via Normandy
 Although the Allies faced heavy casualties, they were
successful in securing the landing areas in the first day
Battle of the Bulge,
December 1944–
January 1945
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The Battle of the Bulge continued
 The Battle of the Bulge was the largest battle in Western
Europe during WWII and the largest battle ever fought by
the U.S. Army
 600,000 GIs, 80,000 were killed, wounded or captured
 German losses totaled about 100,000
 The Battle of the Bulge was the last German offensive of
the war
 The road into Germany was now open
 The Allies now saw first hand what had been
happening in Nazi Germany
The Holocaust
 When Allied forces entered Germany in 1945, the
uncovered Hitler’s planned effort to wipe out Jews,
Slavs, Gypsies, Communists and homosexuals
referred to as the Holocaust
 In 1942 Hitler put in place what he called his
“final solution” to eliminate Jews in Nazi
Germany and its territories
 Nazi soldiers rounded up Jews from all over
Europe and sent them to concentration camps
 Prisoners were subjected to slave labor, medical
experiments , and other atrocities
F.D.R. and the Holocaust
 Although news of the Holocaust was
reaching the Allies in 1942, it was not until
Allied forces invaded Germany that it was
discovered that more than six million Jews
and several million others died in Nazi
concentration camps.
 F.D.R. is criticized by some as having known
of the horrors of the Holocaust and not
acting fast enough to stop it
V-E Day
 As Allied forces pushed into German-occupied
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lands from the west, Soviet troops pushed in from
the east
April 12, 1945 F.D.R. died and Vice President
Harry S. Truman became president
April 30, 1945 Hitler killed himself in his
bombproof bunker in Berlin
May 7, 1945 Germany surrendered to the Allies
The Allies declared May 8, 1945 V-E Day or
Victory in Europe Day
F.D.R. dies Harry Truman become president
 August 1939- F.D.R. received a letter from Albert Einstein warning
that physicists in Germany could be developing a powerful new type of
bomb called the atomic bomb.
 Manhattan Project- top secret program for the United States to
develop an atomic bomb before Germany. The project was led by Dr.
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
 April 12, 1945- President Franklin Delano Roosevelt died of a cerebral
hemorrhage. Vice President Harry S. Truman (1882-1972) is sworn in
as president.
 April 24, 1945- Truman is told of the Manhattan Project by Secretary
of War Henry L. Stimson
Corregido
r and
Bataan
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United
States
Thrusts in
the Pacific,
1942–1945
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Allied Conferences
 ABC Conference
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January-March, 1941
Atlantic Charter
August, 1941
Casablanca Conference January, 1943
Tehran Conference
Nov- Dec., 1943
Yalta Conference
February, 1945
Potsdam Meeting
July-Aug, 1945