Transcript World War II

WORLD WAR II
1939-1945
ALLIANCES
ALLIES: United States, Great Britain, France, Soviet
Union, Australia, Canada, China
2. AXIS POWERS: Germany, Japan, Italy, Austria, Hungary,
Romania, Bulgaria
3. BIG THREE: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (US), Winston
Churchill (UK), Joseph Stalin (USSR)
1.
BIG THREE
ORIGINS OF THE WAR
1. Adolf Hitler (Chancellor of Germany and leader of Nazi Party) defies
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Treaty of Versailles.
Hitler rebuilds the German armed forces
League of Nations did not stand up Hitler or Benito Mussolini of Italy
(both fascist dictators)
March 1938 - Hitler annexed territories that he felt belonged to
Germany
Munich Conference (September 1938) – British Prime Minister,
Neville Chamberlain, gave in to Hitler’s demands
Appeasement – granting concessions to an aggressor
Hitler annexes the Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia
WORLD WAR II FLAGS
ALLIES
AXIS
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
1. Invasion of Poland - Germany invaded Poland on September 1st,
1939 to take Danzig and the Polish Corridor
2. Blitzkrieg tactics – use of aerial fighters, bombers, artillery, tanks,
troop divisions and carriers in order to advance into a territory and
overrun it quickly
3. Two days later, Great Britain and France declare war on Germany
4. World War II begins in the European Theater
ADOLF HITLER
DEFEAT OF WESTERN EUROPE, INVASION
OF FRANCE AND THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN
Spring 1940 – Germany conquered Denmark, Norway, Belgium,
Luxembourg, and the Netherlands
2.
June 1940 – German invades France; French surrender
August 1940 – The Battle of Britain
1.
Prime Minister of Great Britain, Winston Churchill, rallied the British people
2.
He said the Germans would not take Britain regardless of the Luftwaffe’s
constant bombing campaign
3.
The bravery and skill of the RAF (Royal Air Force) and radar pushed back
the Nazi invasion (Operation Sea Lion)
1.
WINSTON CHURCHILL
BATTLE OF BRITAIN
LEND-LEASE ACT AND ATLANTIC
CHARTER
Lend-Lease Act (March 1941)
1.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) and Congress gave billions of
dollars worth of aid in the form of weapons, tanks, airplanes, and food to the
Allies
2.
Justified because U.S. believed Allies were vital to our defense; we did not
send troops
Atlantic Charter (August 1941)
1.
Roosevelt and Churchill secretly met on a warship in the Atlantic Ocean to
discuss wartime goals
2.
First discussion of setting up a system of general security (United Nations)
INVASION OF PEARL HARBOR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
December 7, 1941
The Japanese Empire attacked the U.S. naval base in
Hawaii so they could secure control of East Asia
“A day that will live in infamy”, as proclaimed by FDR
U.S. declares war on Japan and Germany declared war
on us
2,400 Americans were killed
INVASION OF PEARL HARBOR
FDR
CAPTAIN AMERICA ISSUE 1
(MARCH 1941)
THE HOME FRONT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
War Production Board (WPB) – set up to convert factories for war
production
Businesses, citizens, and soldiers prepared for war
WWII brought new job opportunities for women and other minorities, such as
African and Hispanic Americans
Many women fill factory positions and built war materials
People bought war bonds and rationed gasoline, rubber, shoes, food
Tuskegee Airmen – black pilots who trained in Alabama and flew thousands
of successful combat missions in North Africa and Italy
“WE CAN DO IT!”
BUY WAR BONDS, CAPTAIN
AMERICA STYLE
JAPANESE INTERNMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
After Pearl Harbor, Americans distrusted Japanese Americans
FDR issues Executive Order 9066
Government placed 115,000 Japanese Americans in internment
camps
They were evacuated from their jobs and homes
33,000 Nisei (Americans born to Japanese immigrants) fought
bravely in combat
Korematsu vs. U.S. (1944) – Supreme Court upheld the
constitutionality of the internment camps for reasons of national
security
RACISM AGAINST THE
JAPANESE
WAR IN NORTH AFRICA AND
ITALY (EUROPEAN THEATER)
The Battle of El Alamein (1942 and 1943)
1. In Egypt, British forces under General Bernard Montgomery, defeated
General Irwin Rommel (The Desert Fox) and his Afrika Korps
The Italian Campaign (July 1943) – U.S. and British forces invade Sicily and take
it within a month
1. U.S. forces led by General George S. Patton
2. Italians overthrew and executed Mussolini – armistice signed
3. Germans eventually lost control over the Italian peninsula
BATTLE OF EL ALAMEIN
INVASION OF THE SOVIET
UNION
Operation Barbarossa (June 1941)
1. Nazis invaded the Soviet Union to get more “living space”, or Lebensraum for
the German people
2. vast amounts of resources throughout the region like wheat in the Ukraine
Battle of Stalingrad (1941 to 1943)
1. German forces could not advance
2. Red Army successfully pushed Germans back due to lack of reinforcements,
provisions and rations
3. Germans were also defeated by the harsh Russian winter
JOSEPH STALIN
BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
WAR IN ASIA (PACIFIC THEATER)
Japanese Victories
1. Europeans and Americans present in the Pacific (Hong Kong, Malaya, the Philippines, and Burma)
were quickly overrun by the Japanese in 1941
American Victories
1. Battle of Coral Sea (May 1942) - Americans crippled a huge portion of the Japanese fleet
2. Battle of Midway (June 1942) - the excellent communications intelligence and skill of American
sailors and pilots destroyed four Japanese carriers
3. Midway was the turning point; the U.S. was now on the offensive in the Pacific
4. Battle of Leyte Gulf (October 1944) – largest naval battle in history; Allies crushed the Japanese
Island hopping = Allies took only the most strategically important islands and used each one as a base
Kamikaze = Japanese pilots who purposely crashed planes into our ships
BATTLES OF IWO JIMA AND
OKINAWA
Iwo Jima (February 1945)
1.
U.S. Marines invaded this island and after a month of fighting, we
lost 6,800 men and the Japanese lost almost 20,000
Okinawa (April 1945)
1.
After 3 months of fighting, the Allies lost 12,000 men with 36,000
wounded and the Japanese lost 110,000 troops and 80,000 civilians
2.
2,500 kamikaze missions killed over 4,000 Allied sailors
These were 2 of the bloodiest battles in the Pacific
IWO JIMA
IWO JIMA
OKINAWA
BATTLE OF MIDWAY
THE INVASION OF FRANCE
(D-DAY)
D-Day Invasion (June 6th, 1944)
1. Operation: Overlord = largest amphibious invasion in history
2. 176, 000 Allied troops as well as thousands of destroyers, naval vessels and
aircraft
3. Supreme Allied Commander – General Dwight D. Eisenhower
4. U.S., British, and Canadian (Allied forces) troops landed on the beaches of
northern France (Normandy) in order to push back the German forces and end
their occupation
5. Bombers and fighters helped to soften up German defensive fortifications
6. August 1944 – the Allies free Paris
GENERALS EISENHOWER AND
MONTGOMERY
CAPTAIN AMERICA AT D-DAY
ALLIED VICTORY IN EUROPE
1. Battle of the Bulge – final German counter-offensive against Allies in
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Belgium (Ardennes Forest)
Created a “bulge” through Allied lines and stopped our advance
Allies eventually crushed German forces in January 1945; Allies
suffered almost 80,000 casualties
Allied forces continued to advance and the Soviet Union attacked the
Germans from the east
Germans surrendered and Berlin was taken on May 7th, 1945 (V-E Day)
Allies were victorious in Europe
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
THE HOLOCAUST
1.
2.
3.
4.
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6.
Final Solution = the codename for the Nazi plan to exterminate the entire
Jewish population of Europe in the name of Aryan supremacy
When Hitler and the Nazis conquered huge sections of Europe and the
Soviet Union, captured Jews were sent to ghettos, concentration camps to be
used as slave labor, and eventually to death camps
Genocide = the extermination of an entire group of people
Largest death camps were Auschwitz and Treblinka
Over 6 million Jews (2/3 of Europe’s Jewish population) had been killed
during the Holocaust
Allied forces liberated death camps after we gained victories after D-Day
THE HOLOCAUST
FUTURE OF THE POSTWAR WORLD
YALTA CONFERENCE
POTSDAM
CONFERENCE
 February 1945; Ukraine
 July 1945; Germany
 FDR, Churchill, Stalin
 Truman (U.S.), Attlee (U.K.), Stalin
 Goal = free elections for countries
 Goal = Germany would be divided
liberated from Germany
 Goal = support for creating an
international peacekeeping
organization (United Nations)
into four occupation zones (U.S.,
Britain, France, and the Soviet
Union)
DEFEAT OF JAPAN
The Atomic Bomb
1. Manhattan Project = Allied scientists worked on a secret program to develop an atomic bomb
2. Atomic bomb = weapon that produces tremendous power by splitting atoms
3. It was estimated that over a million American soldiers would be killed or wounded invading the
Japanese mainland
4. President Harry Truman gave the order to use the atomic bomb
5. August 6, 1945 – the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima – 80, 000 Japanese civilians were
killed instantly
6. August 9, 1945 – the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki – 40, 000 people were killed
instantly
7. August 15, 1945 – Japan surrenders and World War II ends
8. September 2nd, 1945 – Japan surrenders to the U.S. aboard the USS Missouri – peace treaty signed
ATOMIC BOMB EXPLODES