Transcript The Holocaust - Staff Portal Camas School District

The Holocaust
A Timeline
The Holocaust
Holocaust Timeline
1933
January – Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
March –
SS opens the
Dachau
concentration
camp
1933 - April
Boycott of Jewish owned businesses, restrictions
on school and university attendance and medical
and legal professions
1933 - July
Laws passed to permit forced sterilization of
Roma, the mentally and physically disabled,
African-Germans, and others considered
“inferior”
Examples of
Restrictions
• Aryan requirement for civil
service job
• Jews removed from military
jobs
• Outlawed ritual slaughter of
animals
(prevented Jews from
following dietary laws)
• Forbid Jews from acting on
stage or screen
Revoked licenses of
Jewish doctors, lawyers
and accountants or
refused payments from
state
Quota on admission of
“non-Aryans” to public
schools and universities
Jewish children banned
from participating in
Aryan school activities,
public parks and
playgrounds
September 1935
Nuremberg Race Laws
• Excluded German Jews from citizenship
• Prohibited Jews from marrying other
Germans
• Ended most political rights for Jews
– Lost right to vote
– Could not hold public office
Nuremberg Race Laws
Defined anyone as Jewish if they had 3 or 4 Jewish
grandparents, regardless of Jewish practices, even
Christian converts.
1935 – March – Germany
introduces military
draft
1936 – March – Germany
occupies Rhineland
1938 – March – Anschluss
joins Austria with
Germany
Kristallnacht
“Night of Broken
Glass”
Nov. 9/10 – 1938
Wave of violent antiJewish attacks
throughout Germany,
Austria, and German
occupied areas of the
Sudetenland in
Czecholslovakia
SA and Hitler Youth units attack
Jewish homes, businesses and
synagogues while police and
firefighters stand and watch
After Kristallnacht
•
•
•
•
Increased “Aryanization” efforts
Jews barred from all public schools
Jews barred from cinemas, theaters, sports
facilities
Zones in cities barred to Jewish
Jews with “non-Jewish” names had to add
Israel or Sara to their names
After Kristallnacht continued
• Jews required to carry ID cards identifying
their religion
• Jewish passports stamped with “J”
1939 – Sept. 1
Germany invades
Poland, triggering
start of World War II
1939 – 1941
German army rounds
up tens of thousands
of Jews from
occupied areas and
kills them with mass
firing squads
1941
Star of David required to be worn
by all Jews
Chelmno killing center opened by
SS in occupied Poland, the first to
use poison gas for the mass murder
of Jews
1942
Germans begin mass deportation of over 65,000
Jews from France to death camps in the east
Deportation of 100,000 Jews from occupied
Netherlands to the camps
Deportation of over
300,000 Jews from
Warsaw ghetto to
Treblinka killing
center
Concentration Camps
1943
April – Warsaw ghetto
uprising
October – Rescue of
Danish Jews
1944
Germans occupy Hungary, begin mass deportation of
440,000 Jews to death camps
July – British-American forces break out of
Normandy
1944
August – Liberation of
Paris by Allies
1945 – January
Soviet winter offensive
Death march of 110,000 prisoners from Auschwitz and
Stutthof camps in Poland just days before arrival of
Soviets to liberate the camps
Death Marches
After Soviet and Allied forces grew closer, the SS
orders all concentration camp prisoners evacuated
towards Germany to prevent them from telling the
world about the camps and to use them as hostages in
peace talks.
Thousands of prisoners
too weak to walk were
shot or died of
exhaustion, starvation or
exposure.
1945 – April – Americans liberate the Dachau
concentration camp
1945
- April Hitler
commits
suicide
-May Germany
surrenders
Statistics of the Holocaust
Poland – 91% of Jews killed
3,000,000 killed, 300,000 survivors
Slovakia, Yugoslavia, Greece, Lithuania, Romania, Latvia
Over 80% of Jews killed
Hungary, Netherlands – over 70% of Jews killed
Jews also murdered in high numbers in the USSR, Germany,
France, Austria, Belgium, Italy, Estonia, Luxembourg,
Norway
Total Deaths from Nazi Genocidal Policies
Group
European Jews
Soviet prisoners of war
Polish Catholics
Serbians
Roma, Sinti, and Lalleri
Germans (political, religious, and
Resistance)
Germans (handicapped)
Homosexuals
Jehovah’s Witnesses
Deaths
5,600,000 to 6,250,000
3,000,000
3,000,000
700,000
(Croat Ustasa persecution)
222,000 to 250,000
80,000
70,000
12,000
2500