Transcript Juno Beach - TeacherWeb

World War II
World War II
After Pearl Harbor,
American military
leaders focused on:
1. Halting the
Japanese advance
2. Mobilizing the
whole nation for
war.
America’s Early Battles
American Forces halted the
Japanese advances in 2 decisive
naval battles.
 Coral Sea (May 1942)
U.S. stopped a fleet convoying
Japanese troops to New Guinea
Japanese designs on Australia
ended
Midway (June 1942)

Japanese Admiral Yamamoto hoped
to capture Midway Island as a base
to attack Pearl Harbor again

U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz
caught the Japanese by surprise
and sank 3 of the 4 aircraft carriers
Midway
Importance of Midway
The Japanese defeat at Midway was
the turning point in the Pacific.
 Japanese advances stopped.
 U.S. assumes initiative.
 Japanese have shortage of able
pilots.
Censorship and Propaganda
 News of the defeat was kept from the
Japanese public.
Mobilization at Home
The war effort required all of
America’s huge productive
capacity and full employment of
the workforce.

Government expenditures
soared.
Mobilization at Home
U.S. budget increases
 1940 $9 million
 1944 $100 million
 Expenditures in WWII greater than all
previous government budgets
combined (150 years)
 GNP 1939 91 billion 1945 166 million
Restoration of Prosperity
World War II ended the Great Depression.
Factories run at full capacity

Ford Motor Company – one bomber plane
per hour
People save money (rationing)
Army bases in South provide economic
boom (most bases in South b/c of climate)
The national debt grew to $260 billion (6
times its size on Dec. 7, 1941)
Mobilization at Home
Government involvement in the
economy

War Production Board (WPB) (1942)
Directed the conversion of private
industries to war production.
Growth of centralized big business
 Income tax (1942) for all not just rich
(5%) Government begins withholding
from paychecks
 War bonds

Mobilization at Home
Mobilization at Home
Conservation of resources
Prices frozen
 Rationing –
gasoline, etc.
 The public collected
scrap metal, etc.
 Grew their own food
in “victory gardens”

Social Effects of the War
Development of the West
Lured by defense-related jobs at
high wages
 Nearly 8 million people moved into
the states West of the Mississippi
River between 1940 and 1945.
(Seattle, San Francisco, San Diego,
L.A.)

Social Effects of the War

Communities with few African
Americans witnessed an
influx of blacks.
Example: Seattle’s black
population jumped from 4,000
to 40,000
Social Effects of the War
Changing Roles for Women
 6 million women entered the
civilian workforce (1/3rd)
 200,000 women
joined the
armed forces
“Rosie the Riveter”
•Married women and middle age
women enter workforce for first
time.
•Attitudes toward sex roles
change, at least temporarily
Social Effects of the War
Expanded participation of blacks
 1 million blacks enter the armed
forces, serve in segregated units.
 Kept in service positions – cooks,
janitors, etc.
 Discrimination in defense work
forbidden but hard to enforce.
Pilots (Tuskegee airmen in Alabama)
and combat soldiers were exception
rather than norm.

segregated units
Social Effects of the War
Hispanics in Labor Force

The bracero program brought some 200,000
Mexican farm workers into the western United
States
American Indians


Were integrated within regular units
“Code Talkers” used to “encode” and decipher
messages in Indian languages so as to prevent
enemy discovery.
Internment of Japanese Americans
American Indians
Were integrated within regular units
“Code Talkers” used to “encode” and
decipher messages in Indian languages
so as to prevent enemy discovery.
THE COMANCHE CODE TALKERS
Internment
of
Japanese
Americans
Internment camps of
Japanese Americans
A Grand Alliance
The Big Three
G.B = Winston Churchill
U.S.= (FDR)
S.U =Joseph Stalin
Strategy for War
Defeat Germany first
Gloomy Prospects
By the end of 1942, the Allies faced
defeat.
 The chain of spectacular victories
disguised fatal weaknesses within
the Axis alliance:
Japan and Germany fought
separate wars, each on two fronts.
They never coordinated
strategies.
Gloomy Prospects

The early defeats also obscured the
Allies’ strengths:
The manpower of the Soviet
Union
The productive capacity of the
U. S.
Invasion of the Soviet Union
Hitler’s pivotal mistake.
On June 22, 1941, Operation
Barbarossa
4 million soldiers along 2,000 mile front
 German army quickly advanced, but at a
terrifying cost.
 For the next three years, 90 percent of
German deaths occurred on the eastern
front.

Turning Points of the War:
Eastern Front
Stalingrad
 From August 1942
until February
1943 German and
Soviet armies
fought one of the
bloodiest
engagements in
history.
Turning Points of the War:
Eastern Front
Each side suffered more casualties
than the Americans did during the
entire war.
 The Soviets defeated the German
army at Stalingrad and then again at
the battle of Kursk.
The Germans began a long retreat to
Berlin.

Turning Points of the War:
Western Front
Operation Torch (1943)

Allied victory in North Africa and
invasion of Italy.
D-Day: Operation Overlord
The Allied needed to establish a second
front.
 General Dwight Eisenhower launched
an invasion of Normandy on June 6,
1944.

Operation Torch (1943)
Turning Points of the War: Western
Front cont…
An invasion fleet of some 4,000
ships and 150,000 men (57,000
U.S.)
Invasion successful.
5,000 killed and wounded Allied
troops.
 It allowed them to gain a foothold on
the continent from which they could
push Germany back.

D-Day
Dwight D.
Eisenhower
After attack on Pearl harbor he
became chief f staff of the war plans
division of the Army General Staff.
Summer 1942: assumes command
of Allied Forces in North Africa.
December 1943: Named Supreme
Commander of Allied Expeditionary
Forces for the invasion of Western
Europe
June 6, 1944: Directed the landings
on Normandy beaches.
May 1945: Received Germany’s
unconditional surrender.
Adolf Hitler
Served in German army during WWI
Began career as an army political
agent in the German Workers’(Nazi)
Party, where he later became President
of the Party.
As leader of Germany, he commands
invasion of Poland n 1939 and starts
WWII.
His “new order” for Europe called for
the extermination of 6 million Jews.
January 1945: With Germany looking
to lose the war, he commits suicide in
an underground bunker.
D-Day
Battle Statistics
Allied Forces
•150,000 troops (11Div)
•1,500 tanks (2 Div)
•5,300 ships &
landing crafts
•12,000 airplanes
•20,000 airborne troops
German Forces in the
Battle Zone
•80,000 troops
•1 Panzer tank division
Defending France
•60 infantry units
•10 tank divisions
Casualties
•By the end of day
2,500
Allied killed
•D-Day planners
forecast
10,000 dead
Map of Normandy
(1) (2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Utah Beach
“Utah” was the
codename for
the farthest
beach on the
right of the five
landing areas of
the Normandy
Invasion.
Utah Beach
 The original plan did not include the
“Utah” beach invasion, but was added
late by General Eisenhower.
 At this spot is where Brigadier General
Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. uttered his
famous remark, ”We’ll start the war from
here!”
 Surprisingly few casualties-- fewer than
300 men, were killed here.
Omaha Beach

tecodene
forte
econdbec
froterigt
oftefive
lndingre
ofte
Norndy
Omaha Beach
 Ittelrgetofteult
re,tretcingover6ile.
 TeGerndteternd
becevilyined.Tereere
telvetrongpointclled
idertndneterorreitnce
net.
 Aericnuffered2,400
cultieoutof34,000troop
Juno Beach
 uno
tecodene
forteecond
bectote
leftofte
fivelnding
reofte
Norndy
Invion.
 Itiued
llfiing
portpriorto
Juno Beach
 Terelzrdoftebec
notteGernoldier,rterte
offorereefndol.
 SefrontoueofferedteAllied
excellentobervtionndfiring
poition.
 Inteultte,tecnceof
becoingcultyintefirt
our1in2.Teculty
Gold Beach
 “Gold” was the
code name for
the center beach
the five
designated
landing areas of
the Normandy
Invasion.
Gold Beach
 By the evening of June 6, 25,000 men had
landed, penetrated six miles inland, hooked up
with the Canadians from Juno Beach.
 British demolition personnel came under German
fire from the beach and failed to clear obstacles
in the water. The first landing carrying armored
vehicles suffered damage: 20 of them struck
mines.
 The British suffered 400 casualties while
securing their beachhead.
Sword Beach
 “Sword” is the
codename for the
extreme left beach
of the five landing
areas of the
Normandy
Invasion.
 It occupied a 5mile stretch of the
French coastline.
Sword Beach
 The area was dotted with vacation homes
and tourist establishments located behind
the seawall.
 At the end of the day the British had
landed 29,000 men and had taken 630
casualties.
 German casualties were much higher;
many Germans were taken prisoner.
Quiz Time
Directions: Click on the correct answer to each of the questions listed
below. When finished, click the NEXT button to finish the presentation.
1.) Which beach was used as a small fishing port prior to the war?
A)Juno
B) Utah
C)Sword
D)Gold
2.) The word “Widerstandsnester” means what?
A)Birds Nest B)Lookout Post C)Resistance Nests D) A hotdog
3.) Who received Germany’s unconditional surrender?
A) Adolf Hitler B) Gen. Eisenhower C) Gen. Patton D) Stone Cold
4.) On what day did D-Day take place?
A) June 6, 1954 B) June 6, 1934 C) August 6, 1945 D) June 6, 1944
Race to
Berlin
D-Day was the turning point of the
western front. Stalingrad was the turning
point of the eastern front.
The British, U.S., and Free French armies
began to press into western Germany as
the Soviets invaded eastern Germany.
Both sides raced to Berlin.
Victory in Europe
April, 1945
Mussolini is captured and killed
 Hitler commits suicide

Berlin falls to Soviets on May 2, 1945.
Germany surrendered unconditionally
on May 7 (8), 1945. (V-E Day)
Mussolini
Berlin Falls
Victory in Europe
The Holocaust
11 million died in
German death
camps
3.5 million Russians
6 million Jews

(2/3 of European
Jews)
Hitler’s “Final
Solution”

Systematic genocide
A Grinding War against Japan
In 1945, the U.S. began
targeting people in order to
coerce Japan to surrender
66 major Japanese cities
bombed
 500,000 civilians killed

Iwo Jima (February, 1945)
American marines invaded this island,
which was needed to provide fighter
escort for bombings over Japan
Okinawa (April, 1945)

U.S. invaded this island, which would provide
a staging area for the invasion of the
Japanese islands.
Atom Diplomacy
FDR had funded the top-secret
Manhattan Project to develop an atomic
bomb
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer successfully
tested in the summer of 1945.
FDR had died on April 12, 1945, and the
decision was left to Harry Truman.
An amphibious invasion could cost over
350,000 Allied casualties.
Atom Diplomacy
Turning Points
of the War: The Pacific
August 6, 1945 – Enola Gay drops
bomb on Hiroshima

140,000 dead; tens of thousands
injured; radiation sickness; 80% of
buildings destroyed
August 9, 1945 – Nagasaki

70,000 dead; 60,000 injured
Emperor Hirohito surrenders on Aug.
14, 1945. (V-J Day)
Formal surrender signed on
September 2 onboard the battleship
Missouri in Tokyo Bay
Bombing on Hiroshima
Emperor Hirohito surrenders
Troops Return Home
Cost of War
Germany - 3 million combat deaths (3/4ths
on the eastern front)
Japan – over 1.5 combat deaths; 900,000
civilians
Soviet Union - 13 million combat deaths
U.S. – 300,000 combat deaths, over 100,000
other deaths
When you include all combat and civilian
deaths, World War II becomes the most
destructive war in history with estimates as high
as 60 million, including 25 million Russians.
Significant Events
 1931 Japan invades Manchuria
 1935 First Neutrality Act
 1939 World War II begins in Europe
 1940 Roosevelt wins third term
 1941 Congress adopts Lend-Lease Act
Roosevelt & Churchill sign Atlantic Charter
Pearl harbor attacked
 1942 WPB and WLB created
Battles of Guadalcanal and Midway fought
American and British troops invade North
Africa
 1944 D-Day invasion of France
Island hopping campaign reaches Guam
 1945 Atom bombs dropped on Japan