Transcript B cell
Lecture 10 Nutrition of inflammation, immune and allergy Cryptomeria pollen Helminth Cryptomeria pollen Non-peculiar IgE induced by infection with parasites Histamine Serotonin Histamine Serotonin Leukotriene Obesity cell Allergy symptom Leukotriene Obesity cell Five signs of inflammation Biochemical change of inflammation ①Pain（Pottasium etc）,②Flare(Vasodilator） ③Swelling（Effusion）,④Fever（Hypermetabolism） ⑤Dysfunction Interleukin 1 Bradykinin Macrophage etc Infection Injury Physical Chemical Processing of foreign body lymphokine Cell destruction Vascular permeability factor T Cell B Cell Cell destruction Anti-body Polymorphonuclear Food action leukocyte hypermetabolism Hageman factor Endothelium Vasodilator vascular hyperpermeability Leukocyte migration Sterilization Neutralizing Tuftsin Fibroblast proliferation Collagen, Histamine, peptide, serotonin, and Leukotoriene B4 Polysaccharide Chemotactic Newborn blood vessel Bacillus factor Reborn organization Local irritation 1St step (Circulatory failure and Ocade) Second stage (Moist, Proliferation) Third stage (Restoration) Yasuo KAGAWA. “Core, Molecular biology of the human body”, MARUZEN, 1997, modification of p.222 The first defense line of the infection of the living body is a skin and a mucous membrane In the body, first of all, there are a skin and a mucous membrane as the first defense line. The surface of the skin is kept moderate acid, and the bacillus and the virus are prevented from going into it with the mucous membrane in organs such as the mouth, the throat, the nose, the trachea, lungs, intestines, and genitals. The cell wall of the bacillus is melted and the enzyme of lysozyme that goes out of the mucous membrane such as regarding is defended. Moreover, it secretes viscous liquid from the mucous membrane and the foreign enemy is flushed. And, it is the one that is called activity an immunity system when this first defense line is exceeded. Our body is defended from the bacillus and the virus that this immunity system has gone into it Union organization is immunity system to do immunity • • The immunity system consists of the lymphatic tissue about the spleens such as white blood corpuscles that circulate to the thymus and the whole body distributed lymph node and marrow and lymphocytes, vermiform appendices, and the intestines tube walls. The lymphocyte, the monocyte, the acidophil leukocyte, and saying simply is a heterophilic leucocyte (Both belong to the white blood corpuscle) with the immunity system • The main cell active by immunity: • The heterophilic leucocyte: It sterilizes it eating the suppuration bacterium such as staphylococci. The acidophil leukocyte: It has the action that ends the allergic reaction. Macrophage: Vigorous large cell to act food originate in monocyte. Lymphocyte: There are two kinds (B and T). • • • • • • • • B cell: Working that makes the antibody is done. T cell: Cell that enters thymus, and receives "Education". The killer T cell: The cell and the tumor cell that receives the infection of the virus are destroyed. The helper T cell: The killer T cell and B cell help the function. There are Th1, Th2, NK, and a lymphocyte such as suppressors T from the role of B immune function. Blood Image There are many kinds of the arrow of white blood corpuscles in a round red blood corpuscle. Acidophil leukocyte Multi-nuclear white blood corpuscle Monocyte Lymphocyte The monocyte becomes a macrophage Basophilic leukocyte Kinds of lymphocyte • • • • B Cell：product the antibody T Cell：Killer T cell and Helper T cell Th1 Cell：Activate Killer T cell、NK cell、macrophage etc. Th2 Cell：Activate B cell and promote to product anti-body • Suppresser T cell：Control immunity and order attacking stop • NK cell：The cell and the tumor cell that catches the wog as well as the killer T cell are destroyed. A point different from the killer T cell is a leading part of immunity in the inherent provision with this character Differentiation of lymphocyte and immune response with B cell and T cell Blood plasma cell B Cell Humoral Immunity (B) Maturity control Pre Marrow B cell Mature promoting Lymphocyte Stem cell Activate B cell Promoting Ag antigen AIDS Virus Suppresser) Helper Macrophage Interleukin 2 Thymus T Cell promote Intestine Mucosal immunity T Cell Obst ration Cell Delayed Allergy Mediated response Immunity (T) Destruction of dissimilar cell Killer Yasuo KAGAWA. “Core, Molecular biology of the human body”, MARUZEN, 1997, p.225 Kind, structure, and function of antibody=immunoglobulin Ｈ chain IgM IgD IgG IgA IgE μ δ γ α ε Κ or λ Ｌ chain Number of units in dimer is assumed to be one ５ １ １ １or２ １ Ratio in all Ig 10 <1 75 15 <1 Half-life (day) ５ ３ 25 ２ ６ Complement activation +++ － ++ － － Uniting with englobement cell － － + － － Uniting with gemastete cell － － － － + IgM is an antibody where immune reaction appears first. IgG appears as follows The structure of the antibody: Antigens are united in Y character type and the point Antigen uniting part The part written C is a common structure. The point written V is peculiar in each antigen different structure, and one antibody unites only with one decided antigen. H is H chain (big peptide) L is L chain. (small peptide) “Solid protein structural data base”.Available from <http://pdbj.protein.osaka-u.ac.jp/> (accessed 2007-11-06) Only B cell (B2 of figure) that makes the antibody that reacts with a specific antigen proliferates and it increases production of the antibody. Selection theory of clone (descendant cell of one cell) Precursor cell The precursor cell differentiates into millions of clones Various stops B cell clone It encounters the antigen that agrees with the surface receptor of the b2 clone B cell consists monoclone. Secret anti-body Secreted anti-body The b2 clone proliferates, it matures, and the antibody with the same uniting part as the surface receptor is discharged Humoral immunity Pethogen To blood Plasma cell (mature) Secretion of antibody Bacillus Uniting B Cell Virus Virus Blood plasma cell Mold To killer T cell (mature) Heterologous protein T Cell There are two kinds of immunities. The humoral immunity is an antibody, and the Helper T Cell cell immunity Lymphokine destroys the pathogen by T cell Cell immunity Killer T Cell Cell infected by virus Dissolution Differentiation into T cell and B cell of lymphocyte Hematopoietic tissue Thymus Second lymphoid organs Lymph node, Spleen etc. T cell Hematopoietic stem cell Marrow lymphocyte Hymopoiesis Antigen (Mammals) Antibody response B cell Intracapsular lymphocyte Bursa of Fabricius (Only birds) Cellular Immune response Primary lymphoid organs Represent yellow Abnormality of immunity system： Depression and hyperactivity » Abnormality of the immunity system greatly divides into two • It becomes easy to become the infectious disease and cancer when one is a decrease in the immune function, and it decreases • Another is hyperactivity, and when immunity works too much, the allergy (hay fever etc) and autoimmune diseases (rheumatism etc.) easily will be occured The symptom of the allergic reaction appears to a lot of internal organs of the whole body Eye Inflammation and eye mist Conjunctivitis Respiratory organs Bronchial asthma such as coughs and breathing difficulties and allergy coryzas such as runny noses and sneezes Digestive organs Stomachache, vomiting, and diarrhea that it swells in lip, tongue, and mouth, and it becomes itchy in mouth, etc Whole body Heatness, Shock Nerve system Headaches, Dizziness Skin Atopic dermatitis hives, itchy, and eczema) Urinary organs Blood urine, Protein urine Symptom of allergy to food ① Skin mucous membrane symptom Itchy, autumn tint, hives, and eczema ② Digestive organs symptom Stomachache, diarrhea, and vomiting ③ Respiratory organ symptom Cough, Sniffles, and Sneeze ④ Anaphylaxis shock Tired out, pulsus frequens, decreased blood pressure, and consciousness disorder What’s allergy to food Mechanism of immunity Element of foods food symptom Immunocyte Mechanism of allergy to food food Allergen ⅠI型：アナフィラキシー型 type : Anaphylaxis type anti body Histamine Roicotorien Immediate allergic reaction Mast (obesity) cell Allergy appearance and IgE antibody Cryptomeria pollen Parasite Cryptomeria pollen Non-peculiar IgE induced by infection with parasites Histamine Serotonin Histamine Serotonin Leukotriene Leukotriene Mast cell Allergy symptom Mast cell Infant food allergen Adult food allergen Ratio including allergen Lobster, Crab Egg Seafood Milk Fruit 3 7 11 244 410 350 14 244 Adult 189 3 7 11 244 410 350 14 244 The Ministry of Health and Welfare food allergic task force Modification from 1997 reports Adult 189 What’s “Allergy march” Allergy to food Baby Food (egg, milk ,etc) Infant Atopic dermatitis Tick, Housedust Bronchial asthma Child Adult Pollen Mold IgE antibody Allergy coryza The number of asthma children doubles in ten years （The Ministry of Education,School health statistics 2006) It executed it based on the data of about 3.36 million people extracted from the kindergarten in the whole country and the checkup result of elementary schools, junior high schools and high schools. Asthma is 2.4 time ten years ago 2.4%(1.0%1996 year) in the kindergarten 3.8%(1.6%) in the elementary school 3.0%(1.5%) in the junior high school 1.7%(0.8%) in the kindergarten in the high school. Six years old decreases in the age and the following have decreased highest with 4.2%. Atopic dermatitis has become aggravated as one person in ten of one-years old halves is hanging in the investigation that the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare research group executed in 02. The one with doctor's opinion since this time was totaled. It is 3.8%, and 3.6% in the elementary school in the kindergarten. 2.8% in junior high school and 2.2% in high school An increase in allergic disease and a decrease of helminth Rate of infectious (%) Hygiene theory: The except bacterium goods are allergic causes at safety and a long term in a short term Helminth Allergy coryza Atopic dermatitis Bronchial asthma The helminth is infected and to prevent it, it examined seriously Diagnosis of allergy to food Hearing to case history (Symptom, eating habits, environmental factor, and family medical history) Observation of examination and symptom Allergy examination IgE CAP-RAST examination Histamine separation reaction Skin examination Food removal examination Food load examination Food label system including allergen Specific material that provides by Act of Parliament ① Egg ② Milk or Dairy products ③ Ｗｈｅａｔ ④ Ｂｕｃｋｗｈｅａｔ ⑤ Ｐｅａｎｕｔｓ Specific material that encourages display Ear shell, squid, and salmon roe, lobster, orange, crab, kiwi fruit, beef, walnut, salmon, mackerel, soybean, chicken, pork, matsutake mushroom, peach, yam, and apple and gelatin The main allergen substitution food Allergen Milk Alternative food Canadian moisture Totiti Various foods for milk allergy Wheat Low allergy wheat, Rice powder, Starch Various foods for wheat allergy Egg Mayonnaise pulled our egg, Various food for egg allergy, Water is added to starch and flour and clothes of the fly are substituted Soy Various foods for soybean allergy Colza oil Subject in 2004: Food in the future Trend & innovation section POSIFood=point of sale individualized food= Food Tararmaded in counter Nutrition science and processing and sales system Individual nourishment, preference, beauty, and life target Yumeminori Normal soybean Tailor housemaid food "yumeminori“ development for allergy to food The allergy is for the individual. The research has succeeded in the β Ractogrobrin milk, Reductant cutting S-S uniting Is needed Soybean protein isolate Allergic removal processing Reductant is not needed wheat, and the egg, etc。 Removal method without reducing agent of removal by gene change of α subunit of allergen and GlymBd28K and GlymBd30K Rate of elimination Main allergen protein Yasuo KAGAWA, “Nutrient gene in the daily life”, 『Nutrition and cooking』, 72(4), 2006.4 p.166-8 Including amount (mg/g protein) A fault and a low sulfur amino acid of the soybean protein are solved by a new kind. Achievement of substitution and tailor-made foods of milk and egg allergy Methionine Cystine Yumeminori Tachiyutaka Chizukadaizu Name of kind and system Yasuo KAGAWA, “Nutrient gene in the daily life”, 『Nutrition and cooking』, 72(4), 2006.4 p.166-8 Substitutional food for allergy The active oxygen is a compound of reactive oxygen. There are polyphenol of the red wine, catechin of tea, vitamin C, and vitamin E in Anti Oxidant Biofactor that prevents the active oxygen from damaging the human body Unpaired electron 酸素 Enzyme 酸素 Enzyme Superoxide anion Hydrogen 水素 Unpaired electron 酸素 Enzyme Hydroxy radical Electron Unpaired 水素 酸素 Hydrogen Enzyme 酸素 Hydrogen 水素 Enzyme electron Atomic nucleus Atomic nucleus Hydrogen peroxide 酸素 Enzyme Atomic nucleus A free radical is reactive with other materials Enzyme 酸素 Single paragraph enzyme The monocyte goes into the tallow that grew fat, and it is a macrophage and an inflammation Active oxygen Monocyte Inflammatory reaction Chemotaxis increase Cardiac infarction moist Activation Obesity Non-esterified fatty acid Expansion adypocyte Exercise Appropriate nutrition Macrophage Folic acid lack→High homocysteine blood Tumor necrosis factor Monocyte chemoattractant protein Participation LDL relations to arteriosclerosis generation Blood vessel Active oxygen Blood vessel Oxidation Oxidation Macrophage Oxidation Oxidation LDL accumulates in the blood vessel Arteriosclerosis → Clot formation The active oxygen forms not only 8OHdG but also oxidation LDL