Transcript PowerPoint - (www.ramsey.k12.nj.us).

World War II and
the Holocaust
1. What roles did imperialism, nationalism, and
ethnocentrism have?
2. Could WWII have been prevented?
1. Causes of WWII
I. Communist Revolution in Russia
A. 1917
B. world wide fear of communism
spreading
II.End of WWI
A. 1919-1930s period of unrest in Europe
1. Unstable democracy in Germany
Causes of WWII
A. Treaty of Versailles
1. ended the war
2. Germany forced to pay $ 56 billion
in reparations: payment for
damages caused by the war.
3. Weakened German military
4. Loss of ethnic German
territory
Causes of WWII
Article 231
The Allied and Associated Governments
affirm and Germany accepts the
responsibility of Germany and her allies
for causing all the loss and damage to
which the Allied and Associated
Governments and their nationals have
been subjected as a consequence of the
war imposed upon them by the
aggression of Germany and her allies.
Causes of WWII
III. The Great Depression
A.
1930s
B.
C.
high unemployment
inability to pay debts
The Rise of Hitler
VI. The rise of Hitler
A. Promises – “right the
wrongs” of the Treaty of
Versailles
1. economic relief –
blamed Jews for
problems
2. prevent spread of
communism – Germans did
not want gov’t to take
property
3. restore nationalism
B. Appointed to office in
1933
The Rise of Hitler
C. Fascism strongly anti-Communist
1. strong nationalism (“We are the
best” attitude)
2. dictatorship established
3. power is absolute
4. uses military for power
5. suppress opposition with secret
police
D. Used propaganda to spread ideas
Propaganda
“The attention span of the masses
is very short, their understanding
limited; they easily forget. For
that reason effective propaganda
has to concentrate on very few
points and drive them home through
simple slogans until even the
simplest can grasp what you have
in mind.”
- Adolf Hitler
Propaganda
Acts of Aggression
V. Acts of Aggression
A. Why
1. wanted to unite
all German speaking
people
2. needed more
“living space” for
“superior race”
Acts of Aggression
B.
Appeasement: policy
adopted by Allies which
caused them to make
concessions to Germany in
order to preserve peace.
Acts of Aggression
VI. Actions
A. 1933:
1. strengthened
military
2. against T of V
B. 1936:
1. formed an
alliance with
Italy
2. also fascist
gov’t
C. 1938:
1. invaded
Austria
2. many German
speaking
people
D. 1938-9:
1. given
Sudetenland
2. seized all of
Czechoslovakia
E. 1939:
1. non-aggression
pact signed
with Soviets
2. invaded Poland
3. war declared by
GB
4. alliance with
Poland
5. France allied
with GB
The Major Players
“The Bad Guys”
Leaders of the Axis
Powers
Germany
Adolf Hitler
Japan
Emperor
Hirohito
Italy
Benito
Mussolini
The Major Players
“The Good Guys”
Leaders of the Allied
Powers
France
Great Britain
USSR
Charles De Winston Churchill
Gaulle
Franklin D.
Roosevelt
Josef
Stalin
Harry Truman
USA
The World At War
I. European Theater
1.1941
a. Germany invades
USSR
b. “Battle of
Britain”
c. Germany declares
war on USA
2.1942-3
a. Soviets stop
Germans at
Stalingrad
b. Allies advance in
North Africa,
invade Italy
The World At War
3. 1944
a. June 6 -> “DDay;” Allies
land in
France
b. Soviets
advance to
the west
4. 1945
a. Germany
surrenders
The World At War
II. Pacific Theater
1.1937
a. Japanese launch
major drive into
China
2.1940
a. Japan joins
alliance with
Italy and
Germany
3.1941
a. December 7->
attack on Pearl
Harbor
The Pacific Theater
The Pacific Theater
4. 1942
a. Japanese empire at
its height
b. Tide turns,
Americans advance
5. 1945
a. Japanese econ
collapses
b. August 6 & 9 ->
atomic bombs->
dropped on
Hiroshima &
Nagasaki (200,000
killed)
c. August 14 -> Japan
surrenders
2. The Holocaust
I. The Nazis
A. Beliefs
1. Germans are
“racially
superior”
2. struggle between
them and “inferior
races” (Jews, Roma
(“gypsies”),
handicapped)
The Holocaust
a. threaten biological purity
b. had to be exterminated
3. Jews
a. scapegoat: group blamed for
problems
b. why?
1.
2.
3.
centuries of anti- Semitism
not able to fight back
used propaganda
The Holocaust
4.
Other inferiors
a. Slavic peoples
1. Poles, Russians, etc.
2. destined for slave labor
b. political enemies
1. communist
2. socialist
c. social enemies
1. Jehovah’s Witnesses
2. homosexuals
Hitler’s 4 Step Process
B. Treatment
1. Identified
2. Restricted
3. Separated
4. Exterminated
The Holocaust
II.
The Holocaust
1. 1933-1945
2. definition: the systematic
annihilation of 6 million Jews by
the Nazis
3. 5 million others killed
4. occurred over time
The Holocaust
E.
done in secret
1. euphemisms used to hide the
truth
2. victims were fooled to
prevent resistance
3. disbelief that something
like this could happen
The Holocaust
III.
Methods of genocide
A. handicapped
1. late 1930s
2. lethal injection
3. poisonous gas
B. mobile killing units
1. 1941 Soviet invasion
2. shot people in fields and
ravines
The Holocaust
C.
Extermination centers
1. est. in Poland
2. killed by gassing
3. bodies cremated
4. conducted systematically:
a. carried on using step-bystep procedures; orderly
b. victims deported to
centers from W. Europe
The Holocaust
D.
Other deaths occurred in
concentration camps and ghettos
1. forced labor
2. starvation
3. exposure
4. brutality
5. disease
6. execution
The Holocaust
IV. Reaction
A. By 1942 US & GB know, but did not
react
1. anti-Semitism
2. fear of massive influx of
refugees
3. goal was to defeat Germany
4. 1944 some rescue efforts made
B. Some Europeans collaborated with
the Nazis
C. Some people resisted and aided
those persecuted.
3. How it all Ends
A. 1945
I. German and Italian troops begin
surrendering throughout Europe
II. Concentrations camps are liberated
III. Hitler commits suicide
IV. USA dropped two atomic bombs on Japan
days apart
V. Japanese agree to unconditional
surrender
The Final Count
B. World War II Casualties
I. Total for Allies Powers – 9,186,111
II. Total for Axis Powers – 5,380,000
III. Total in war – 60,000,000 (killed
& wounded)
IV. USA Killed – 418,000
V. USA Wounded – 670,846
C. Holocaust Causalities
I. Approximately 6,000,000 Jews
II. Approximately 5,000,000 Non-Jews
(POWs, Roma, mentally/physically
disabled)
The Final Count
Other Outcomes
IV. Post-War Effects
A. End of colonialism
1. Increased nationalism
2. Fighting for democracy/against
dictatorships
3. European powers too weak to maintain
colonies
Other Outcomes
B. Cold War
1. USA/USSR emerge
as two strongest
nations
2. Resume mistrust
of each other
3. “Iron Curtain”
falls over
Eastern Europe
(Soviet
occupation zones
Other Outcomes
4. Communists led by Mao
Zedong defeat nationalists
in Chinese Civil War
Other Outcomes
C. State of Israel
founded (1948) as
home for Holocaust
refugees
D. United Nations is
founded to help
promote world peace
and cooperation