Transcript WWII in the Pacific

WWII in the Pacific
Pearl Harbor
Hiroshima
How will the United States be able to get to Japan?
Let’s start with a mapping assignment! Pages 784-789
Doolittle Raid
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgWP3
Uh_nfI&feature=related - part 6 – start at
2:19
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94rRp7
BlFhs&feature=related – part 7
One of sixteen Army B-25 Mitchell bombers takes off from the deck of
the USS HORNET on its way to take part in the Doolittle Raid
Doolittle Raid
• April 18, 1942
• First U.S. bombing raid on Japan
• Flew 600 miles then bombed Tokyo and 3
other cities with little opposition
• Inflicted little damage but gave a big boost
to Allied morale
•
Japan knew that the U.S. was
coming after them – and could do it!
Besides the Doolittle raid – not
much to cheer about for the
Americans in the early part of the
war
U.S. troops surrender to the Japanese in the Philippine Islands, May 6,
1942. A total of 11,500 Americans and Filipinos became POWs; POWs
from Corregidor and Bataan were among the worst treated.
POWs with
hands tied
behind their
backs pause
during the
Bataan Death
March. 76,000
prisoners,
including 12,000
Americans were
forced to march
60 miles w/o
food or water to
a new camp in
the Philippines.
Over 5,000
Americans died.
Dead American soldiers on the Bataan Death March
Island Hopping
War starts to turn
• Americans began “island hopping”
• Americans were able to do an incredible
job setting up bases and handling the
moving of MASSIVE amounts of men and
equipment to far-away islands
• Japan was not ready for the amount of
people and force the U.S. sent
A periscope photo of a torpedoed Japanese destroyer June 1942
The Big E – intro
USS Enterprise (coolest ship to
float!)
ever
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1bbT5
Zn6Gc
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTPyY
UYttTc&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9SsU
YVRvOc&feature=related when the bomb
hits – not on DVD
Battle of Midway
U.S. HAD to win!
U.S. had broken the Japanese
code
Knew that Japan was going to
attack at Midway – the U.S.
was able to attack before the
Japanese could get their
planes off the aircraft carriers
this would be the short version
• Despite going into battle with most of
Japan's game plan in their pocket thanks
to American codebreakers, the U.S. Navy
had little to show for it in the early hours of
June 4, 1942. Just about every plane that
took on the Japanese that day was
destroyed, and all without delivering any
serious damage
• There was one squadron of American dive
bombers lead by Lieutenant
Commander C. Wade McCluskey, Jr. that
got lost on the way to the battle. So lost
that they entirely missed out on the initial
bloodbath that got all of their fellow planes
killed. Nearly out of fuel and flying blind in
the middle of the Pacific Ocean,
commander McClusky nevertheless kept
searching for the real life Imperial Fleet
• His squadron started dropping like flies
until, in an act of sheer luck, stumbled
across a Japanese destroyer. Once he
lifted his eyes to scan the horizon, he saw
the Rising Sun of the Imperial Japanese
Fleet staring back at him and realized,
"Holy cow! Just the enemy navy I was
looking for!" Of course, judging by what
had been happening prior to that, this
meant certain death
• While finding the ships at all was luck, by some
kind of ridiculous freak luck McClusky's
squadron arrived at the precise moment when
all three Japanese carriers were reloading and
rearming their aircraft.
• In a matter of minutes, Japanese fleet
carriers Kaga, Akagi, and Soryu--along with all
their airplanes--were destroyed in an attack that
cost the Imperial Navy some of its finest sailors
and pilots. The fourth carrier Hiryu was sunk in a
counterattack the next day, effectively wiping out
the same Strike Force that made up the attack
on Pearl Harbor.
• This winning of the lottery twice in the
same day dealt the Japanese Navy's first
defeat in almost 300 years, and a lopsided
victory for the Americans that the
Japanese never recovered from.
U.S. bombers attacking a Japanese ship for the third time
U.S. planes ready to take off
One of the aircraft
carriers used at
Pearl Harbor
Japanese
ships
sinking
U.S. won
• Victory turned the tide of the war
• Japan lost 4 carriers and lots of their top
pilots. Japan could not recover from these
losses.
Guadalcanal – Japan’s first land defeat
Japan had constructed runways for long-range bombers, which could
reach our supply ships
Allies had 7,100 killed, Japanese had 31,000
June 30, 1943. Americans landing at dawn on an island in the Soloman
Islands
November 20, 1943. A 165th Infantry assault wave attacks, finding it
slow going in the coral bottom waters while Japanese machine gun fire
from the right flank makes it even more difficult. (Makin Atoll, Gilbert
Islands
November 21, 1943 - Marines assault a heavily
reinforced Japanese pillbox on Tarawa in the Gilbert
Islands by climbing to the top and shooting down inside
Tinian Island
July 24 – Aug. 1, 1944 – eventually
used for the planes that dropped
the Atomic bombs to take off from.
November 1943 - Two enlisted men of a U.S. Navy Aircraft
Carrier torpedoed by a Japanese submarine in the Gilbert
Islands, are buried at sea from the deck of a transport ship
December 4, 1943 - A Japanese torpedo bomber blown
out of the sky after a direct hit from a U.S. Aircraft
Carrier, which it attempted to attack
A Japanese plane shot down as it attempted to attack the USS
KITKUN BAY near the Mariana Islands. June 1944
General MacArthur returns to the Philippines after the Battle of
Leyte Gulf – Oct. 20, 1944
Japanese
aircraft carrier
Zuikaku under
attack in the
battle of Leyte
Gulf – it sank.
It was the last
of the aircraft
carriers used
at Pearl
Harbor to be
sunk by the
U.S.
A Marine
patrol on
Saipan found
this Japanese
family hiding
in a hillside
cave. The
mother, four
children and a
dog had taken
shelter from
the fierce
fighting in that
area. June 21,
1944
A Marine
with a live
baby he
found in a
cave full
of corpses
Great time to finish our
assignment! And then, to
watch some clips from the Our
Century series
Time to get serious!
Elements
of the US
fleet at
anchor in
Ulithi
Atoll,
Spring
1945
Saipan, 1945, with B-29 bombers
Iwo Jima
Feb. 19 – July 26, 1945
Me and my buddies
wonder where it is!
• Volcanic Island
• 650 miles south of Tokyo
• Japanese knew attack was coming so
they dug in to trenches throughout the
island
• During the fierce battle for the island,
the Americans rarely saw the enemy
Before the ground attack, the U.S. bombed
the island heavily – this had little effect –
Why?
Marines coming. U.S. sent 110,000 marines
to Iwo Jima in 880 ships
Time to watch some movie clips! Flags of our
Fathers and Letters From Iwo Jima
Feb. 19, 1945. The Marines coming ashore. At 2:00 a.m., the navy bombarded
the island. At 8:30 a.m., the Marines were sent in. Once there, the volcanic ash
made it difficult for the Marines to dig in – they were sitting ducks for the Japanese
Smashed by Japanese mortar and shellfire and trapped by Iwo Jima's soft
black sands, amtracs and other vehicles lay wrecked on the beach.
February 1945
U.S. Marines
The Battle was won inch by inch
Firing at
Cave
positions
Most effective weapons were
napalm, hand-grenades, and liquid
gas
Mt. Surabachi – it dominates the view of both beaches
– the Japanese were holed up there, shooting at
Marines. Every marine was in view of the Japanese
Marines of the 5th Division inch their way up a slope on
Red Beach No. 1 toward Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima,
defended by seven Japanese Battalions. By nightfall, 566
Marines were killed and 1,854 wounded. February 19,
1945
The Flag raising group– Easy Company.
Of 310 men, only 50 made it back
The first flagraising – used a
pipe they found
among
wreckage at the
top. There
wasn’t any
enemy fire on
the top of the
mountain.
The Secretary of
the Navy had
landed and
wanted the flag as
a souvenir. So,
the first flag was
taken down.
The first flag
coming down
and the
second going
up
The famous
picture – which is
actually the
raising of the 2nd
flag.
Casualties
• Of the over 21,000 Japanese
soldiers, 20,703 died and 216 were
captured during the battle
• The Allied forces suffered 27,909
casualties, with 6,825 killed in action
But wait, there’s more!
• The Japanese Bushido code of honor, along
with propaganda which portrayed American
G.I.'s as ruthless animals, prevented surrender
for many Japanese soldiers. Those who could
not bring themselves to commit suicide hid in the
caves during the day and came out at night to
prowl for provisions. Some did eventually
surrender and were surprised that the
Americans often received them with
compassion; offering water, cigarettes, or coffee.
The last of these stragglers, Yamakage Kufuku
and Matsudo Linsoki, lasted six years,
surrendering in 1951
OKINAWA
April 1, 1945 – June 22, 1945
My boy found it on
this globe!
That’s my boy!
First battle on Japanese soil (an island
owned by Japan)
• Battle began on April 1, 1945 (Easter)
• U.S. needed the island in order to invade Japan
• Okinawa had a prewar
civilian population of
435,000, of whom an
estimated 75,000 to 140,000
died during the battle
• Japanese had lots of people,
equipment, and fortifications.
Japan knew they would lose but
wanted to make the Americans
pay for every inch they got. Had
caves with heavy artillery that
could be rolled out on tracks,
fired, then rolled back in.
Japanese Tunnel
Japan sent battleships that were supposed to fight until they
were hit, then beach themselves and continue fighting. U.S.
sank them. The one above is the Yamato, one of the two
biggest battleships ever built.
This would be a great time to:
Watch a movie!
U.S. Marines storming the beach at Okinawa
U.S. Navy fighter
providing
support for the
Marines
Marines destroying a cave
U.S. ships supplying the beaches
Marines passing a dead Japanese soldier
Listening to radio reports of V-E
day on May 8, 1945
U.
S.
S.
E
N
T
E
R
P
R
I
S
E
Enterprise entered the war with the Pearl Harbor attacks. The Big E’s scout planes
encountered the Japanese squadrons attacking Pearl Harbor. Her planes and guns
downed 911 enemy planes, her bombers sank 71 ships and damaged or destroyed 192 more.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
G6E8Bqa8C_Y&feature=related
-start at 3:00
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VN8
NMzPibjk&feature=related – stop at
5:40
The Zero piloted by Chief Pilot Shusasuka Tomiyasa bursts from low clouds,
seconds before plunging through the Big E's flight deck, May 14, 1945
• “There was a hypnotic fascination to the sight so
alien to our Western philosophy. We watched
each plunging kamikaze with the detached
horror of one witnessing a terrible spectacle
rather than as the intended victim. We forgot self
for the moment as we groped hopelessly for the
thought of that other man up there.”
Vice Admiral C.R. Brown
• During the 2 month battle, the
Japanese flew 1,900 kamikaze
missions at the Americans
U.S.S. Bunker Hill after being hit by 2 kamikaze planes within 30 seconds
It was fixed in time to bring soldiers home from the war –
Operation Magic Carpet
U.S. won the battle and the Island
• U.S. losses were over 72,000 casualties, of
whom 12,513 were killed or missing—over twice
the number of casualties as at Iwo Jima and
Guadalcanal combined.
•
(men who died later from their wounds are
not counted)
• There were about 66,000 Japanese combatants
killed and 7,000 captured. Some of the soldiers
committed seppuku or simply blew themselves
up with hand grenades.
• This was the ONLY battle in the war in
which surrendering Japanese were made
into POWs by the thousands
Japanese memorial at Okinawa – lists the names of
the soldiers who died – from ALL countries involved
Turns out:
That because of the A-bombs, the
battle was unnecessary – the
island wasn’t needed after all
Ending the War
Albert
Einstein
wrote a letter
to Pres.
Roosevelt
about the
bomb
• Germany had begun Atomic bomb development
in 1932 – gave up in the early 1940s
• U.S. began the Manhattan Project in 1942 to
build “the bomb”
• Experiments in a small laboratory
beneath the University of
Chicago's abandoned Stagg Field
were expanding understanding of
atomic theory. The first controlled
nuclear reaction occurred under
Stagg Field
Some atomic
bomb humor
First A-bomb
detonation – July
16, 1945, at White
Sands Missile
Range, outside
Alamogordo, NM
“I am become death, the
Shatterer of Worlds”
-J. Robert Oppenheimer,
quoting an ancient Indian
epic poem after watching
the explosion
Vice President Truman was not
aware of the entire program
• After the test at the University of Chicago,
Roosevelt felt he should tell Josef Stalin,
seeing as how we were on the same side
and all.
• He told Stalin about the test
• Stalin said, “yes, I know.”
Potential
targets
U.S.S. Indianapolis delivered the
top-secret bomb
Colonel Paul
Tibbets in the
Enola Gay –
“Little Boy” – bomb dropped on Hiroshima – weighed 9,000
pounds and had a yield of 15,000 tons of explosives
Mushroom cloud – taken from the Enola Gay
Mushroom cloud
20,000 feet above
Hiroshima –
bomb was
dropped at
31,000 feet and
blew up about
1,900 feet above
Hiroshima.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=PB-atl3YBSQ&feature=fvw
Hiroshima
The Japanese
estimated
72,000 were
killed and
70,000 out of
76,000
buildings in
the city were
destroyed
Hiroshima victim
Picture taken in Jan. 1946
Tsutomu Yamaguchi
Worked for Mitsubishi and was in Hiroshima
for business – survived the attack.
After the bomb attack, he went back home, to . . .
Nagasaki
Poor Sap
Fat man – dropped on Nagasaki – weighed about 10,000
pounds and had a yield of 21,000 tons of explosives
Before
Aug. 6,
1945
Nagasaki
After
Two Allied prisoners pack their meager belongings, after being freed near
Yokohama, Japan, on September 11, 1945, by men of an American mercy
squadron of the U.S. Navy.
New York
City – the
war is
over! Aug.
14, 1945
Japan Surrendered – Sept.
2, 1945
The War was finally over
Emperor
Hirohito
recording
his
surrender
speech to
the
Japanese
people
Japanese
POWs at
Guam
bowing their
heads
listening to
Hirohito’s
surrender
The U.S. was worried about
possible Kamikaze attacks during
the official surrender, so, just in
case . . .
MacArthur reading
his speech before
the signing
Notice the other
Allies at the
ceremony – left to
right:
UK, USSR,
Australia, Canada,
France, Netherlands,
and New Zealand.
China also had a
representative but
he was not in the
picture.
MacArthur signing the papers
The War is over – what to do
now?
• How do you ensure there won’t be a
WWIII?
• What do you do about the destroyed
countries?
• What is the biggest threat to the United
States now? How do you deal with it?
• What to do with all the soldiers returning
home?
Hiroo Onoda, leaving the jungle in the Philippines, where he was relieved of duty. It
was 1974, 29 years after the war ended. He had been sent there in 1944. After the
Philippines were taken by the Americans, he went into the jungle to continue fighting.
Finally, a Japanese college student befriended him. He found Onodo’s former
commanding officer to come and officially relieve Onoda of duty.