Transcript The U.S. in World War II - Crestwood Local Schools

http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-05.jpg
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The U.S. in World War II
Section 1: Mobilizing for Defense
Section 2: The War for Europe and North Africa
Section 3: The War in the Pacific
Section 4: The Home Front
Effect of World War II on U.S.
• New Technology
• New Prosperity
• New Position of Power in the World
Visit: http://www.ww2sci-tech.org/exhibit/dark.html
http://www.ww2sci-tech.org/poster/poster.php
Theatres of War
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Eastern Europe
Western Europe
North Africa / Italy
Far East / Pacific
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Soviets v. Germany
Allies v. Germany
Allies v. Germany / Italy
Allies v. Japan
http://www.cyberlearning-world.com/lessons/ushistory/ww2/europeantheater.htm
Which Area to Concentrate on First??
• Germany First
• Defeat of Japan will not end the war, but defeat of
Germany will leave Japan all alone
• Closer cultural ties with countries occupied by
Germany
• Germany most direct threat to the Western
Hemisphere, European Trade, the Atlantic Ocean,
and Latin America
• Fear Germany might develop weapons powerful
enough to take over the world. (Nuclear and
Rockets)
• Germany might defeat Soviet Union and eliminate
the two front war that is an allied advantage.
Battle of the Atlantic
• Hitler’s U-boats cause huge losses to American
ships that are lifeline to Britain
• Convoy System escorted by destroyers
• Use of Sonar – Sound Navigation Ranging
Apparatus
• Use of Radar – Radio Detecting and Ranging
Equipment
• Ariel surveillance
• Crash Shipbuilding Program
• Mid-1943 the tide turns
http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-61.jpg
Eastern Front
• Siege and Battle of
Stalingrad
– August 1942 to Feb.
1943
– Germans lost 150,000
and 91,000 were
captured
– Soviets lost 1,100,000
defending the city
– Turning point of war
– Hitler wouldn’t allow a
retreat
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eastern_Front_1942-05_to_1942-11.png
Opening A Western Front
• Soviets pressure British and U.S. to open
a second front
• Looked at a cross channel invasion
• British and U.S. decide they are not ready
for this and opt to invade North Africa
North Africa
• Operation Torch
– Nov. 8, 1942
– 1st major Allied Amphibious operation in
European Theatre of North Africa
– Dwight D. Eisenhower – commander
– Landings in Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers
(see map page 572)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Torch
General Erwin Rommel
• “Desert Fox”
• Commander of German
Afrika Korps
• German forces surrender in
May 1943
• Forced to take poison after
he is implicated in the plot to
kill Hitler
Casablanca Conference
• January 1943
• Churchill and Roosevelt
• Agree to accept only Unconditional
Surrender of Axis Powers
• Look at amassing large army to invade
France across the English Channel
• Agree to the invasion of Italy first
Italian Campaign
• Invasion of Sicily - Operation Husky
– July 1943
• Mussolini forced to resign
• Invasion of Italian Peninsula
– Sept. 1943
– Germans plan to hold Italy
– Bloody Anzio
• 4 months
• 25,000 Allied Causalities
• 30,000 Axis Causalities
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy
Mussolini’s Fate
• Mussolini rescued by the Germans and
installed as a puppet dictator in
German controlled Italy
• Mussolini discovered by Italian
Partisans in April, 1945, as he
attempted to sneak across the Austrian
border with his mistress
• Mussolini and his mistress were killed
and hung upside down in a plaza in
Milan
http://www.custermen.com/ItalyWW2/ILDUCE/Mussolini.htm
http://www.comandosupremo.com/Mussolini.html