Transcript World War II

World War II
1939-1945
United States
1941-1945
Leaders for the Axis
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Names to know:
Adolf Hitler-Der Fuhrer
Germany-Herman Goeringhead of the Luftwaffe (Air
Force)
<Joseph Goebbels-Propaganda
Minister
Rudolph Hess-Secretary to
Hitler
Erwin Roemmel-WehrmachtGerman Army
Quotes of Joseph Goebbels
Leaders of the Axis
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Japan:
Emperor Hirohito
<General Hideki Tojo
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Leaders of the Allies
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<General Bernard
Montgomery-British
King George VI
General Charles DeGaulleFrench
Georgi Zhukov, Ivan KorevUSSR
Americans use Lend-Lease
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“the great arsenal of Democracy”Roosevelt’s fireside chat
Britain is almost bankrupt and
exhausted-Churchill asks for a lot
of aid
Lend Lease Bill (1941)-permits
President to lend or lease arms and
other goods to friends of the United
States
after the war-give back guns and
tanks-no payment required
Before it takes effect, British suffer
more setbacks
<Destroyers earmarked for Lend
Lease to Britain
Soviets are attacked
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Hitler invades the USSR
June 22, 1940-Operation
Barbarossa
Soviets are on the verge of
collapse-Hitler is within 50
miles of Moscow
Soviets apply Scorched Earth
Policy
anything that could be used by
the Germans is burned
WINTER stops the advance
Pearl Harbor
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December 7, 1941
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“…a day that will live in
infamy...”
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Lead up-July 1941-Japan demands
control of French Indochina
Threatens-Netherland’s East Indies,
British Malaya, American
Philippines
Economic Sanctions-cut off from
oil, and other war supplies
Japan-either stop expanding or go
get these things
<Ho Chi Minh in WWII
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Pearl Harbor
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October 1941-General Hideki
Tojo-US doesn’t lift sanctions,
then Japan would declare War
Tojo sends Saburo Kurusu to
negotiate with US-Hull-Namura
talks
at the same time he is planning
an attack on the US and British
bases
Americans found out, but did
not know which bases
<Hull-Nomura talks
Pearl Harbor
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Sunday Morning-December 7,
1941
first wave attacks US fleet at
Oahu, Hawaii
other waves follow
was a complete surprise-2400
servicemen dead, all the planes
on Hawaii are destroyed, 6
Battleships sunk or disabledheart of the Pacific Fleet
Announcement of Attack and
photos of attacks
Roosevelt’s Infamy Speech
Pearl Harbor
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December 8, 1941-US
declares war on Japan
December 11, 1941Germany and Italy
declare war on the
United States
<USS Arizona burning
America Goes to War
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Root Causes of World War II
1. Economic times-Haves and
the have nots
2. Role of Nationalism
3. International Anarchy
4. Race to Arms
<Gas Rationing in 1942
modern warfare calls for total
war-everyone involved
Industry-shift from civilian
goods to wartime
January, 1942-War Production
Board
American Industry
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Responded with great results
1940-50,000-1942-47,000-1944-96,000
US didn’t suffer any serious shortages
2/3rds are still produced for civilian use
the US becomes the supply base for the
allies
Work force-armed forces get 1st
choice-15m men and 200,000 women
men ages 18-38
women volunteered-nurses, air traffic
controllers, non-combat jobs
April, 1942-War Manpower
Commission-best use of all workers
<Women in World War II
American Industry
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Labor Unions pledge full support
National War Labor Board-set wages,
hours, conditions for maintaining
membership
some strikes did occur-led to SmithConnolly Anti-Strike Act
30 day warning, President could seize
plant
Blacks migrated north to fill the jobs
left by whites to serve
were discriminated against-Roosevelt
forbids racial discrimination in 1941
sets up Fair Employment Practices
Committee(FEPC)
<Women Workers in World War II
American Industry
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Curbing Inflation
government controls it
Emergency Price Control
Act (1942)
rationing-scarce goodsblack market grew
war bonds
restrict civil liberty
<Ration Book during WW
II
New Weapons
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June 1941-Office of Scientific
Research and Development
organized scientists to develop
and perfect weapons
<Radar-British-detected ships,
planes, ships, guide shells
against enemy aircraft
Atomic Bomb-December 2,
1942-Enrico Fermi and othersunder the football stadium at
the University of Chicago
achieved a nuclear chain
reaction
New Weapons
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Under the direction of <J.
Robert Oppenheimer
5:30 AM, July 16, 1945
at Alamogorado, New Mexico
explode the first atomic bomb
“I am become death, destroyer
of the world.”
Japanese-American Internment
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Some 120,000-2/3rds citizensare rounded up by the army and
FBI
Forced to abandon their
homes,shipped to internment
camps
remained their until the end of
the war-unless enlisted in the
army
Korematsu v. United StatesSupreme Court upheld the right
by “military necessity”
most in Hawaii are left alone
Europe First
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US enters the war- Churchill
comes to make sure we don’t
decide to fight the Japanese first
Roosevelt agrees that Germany
is more dangerous
Hitler controlled more people,
resources, and had a head start
on atomic bombs and guided
missiles
Stalin pleads for an invasion
US begin in North Africa-face
<Erwin Rommell and the Afrika
Corps-US receives heavy losses
North Africa-Operation Torch
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Axis forces surrender-250,000
troops, valuable equipment, control
of the Mediterranean
Allies take Sicily in 38 days
King Victor Emmanuel III decides
war is lost-get rid of Mussolini-new
government sues for peaceunconditional surrender September
3, 1943, join allies
Allies enter Rome June 4, 1944
<Mussolini hanging in a square in
Milan-executed the day before-spat
and kicked the corpses
More pictures of Mussolini’s death
The American Leaders in the
European Theater
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<General Dwight D.
(Ike) Eisenhower
General George
Marshall
General George Patton
General Omar Bradley
The Invasion of FranceOperation Overlord
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The Beaches of Normandy-June
6, 1944
<D-Day
largest amphibious operation in
history
176,000 troops, 4000 landing
craft, 600 warships, 11,000
planes
Germans-250,000 troops
protected
7 weeks- American army breaks
through-at Saint-Lo-opens road
to the heart of Paris
Invasion of France-Operation
Overlord
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August 15, 1944-Americans
and French land in Southern
Coast of France
Supply line open
10 days later-Paris fell-Germans
are swept from France
Normandy beach invasion
Eastern Front-Nazi suffer worse
counteroffensive in 1943 by
USSR destroys a German
Army<Stalingrad-Soviet Army on a
sprint west
The War in Europe Ends
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Assassination attempt on HitlerBomb explodes under an oak tablesaves him-crushes generals that
attempt it
Battle of the Bulge-Nazis put a
bulge in the line-about 50 miles
Americans drop paratroopers
behind the Nazis-reestablish the
line
Germans bury Americans at the
Battle of the Bulge
April 30, 1945-Hitler kills himself
next day-Mussolini is caught
May 7, 1945-VE day
The Pacific Theater
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Different war completelyplanes and Naval
US army is in bad shape-British
are crippled
Americans and Filipinos hold
off Japanese at Bataan and
Coreigedor-Bataan Death
March
Midway Island-Admiral
Yamamoto makes Midway a
stepping stone to Hawaii
destroy what is left of US fleet
<Admiral Chester Nimitz new
of the attack
Midway Island/ Leyte Gulf
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Nimitz gambled-used aircraft
carriers-had only 3-<Aircraft
Carrier Hornet
uses Midway Island as a carrier
Japanese limped away
US marines lands on
Guadalcanal-US now the
attacker
on to Tokyo-Leap Frog-don’t
fight on every island-isolate
some-attack others
Leyte Gulf-American Army and
Navy took and destroy Japanese
Navy
Island Hopping to Victory
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Navy gets the Philippines backDouglas MacArthur states in 1941“I shall return.”-when he left the
Islands
1944-regain
Japanese begin Kamikaze raids
after Leyte
Asian Mainland held strong-Iwo
Jima-750 miles from Tokyo-fierce
fighting to take island
<raising the flag at Iwo Jima
Okinawa-starts April 1, 1945-lasts
to June 22, 1945
More about Iwo Jima
The Bomb
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Decision to make-Harry S. Truman
has a sign on his desk-The Buck
Stops Heretold to invade Japan itself would
cost an estimated 2 million
American lives
have a new weapon that may just
end the war
super weapon-called the Atomic
Bomb
August 6, 1945-drop bomb on
Hiroshima-< “Little Boy”
August 9, 1945-drop bomb on
Nagasaki-<“Fat Man”
Yalta
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February 4-11, 19454 main topics-problems in Asia, the
government of Poland and Eastern
Europe, future of Germany, new League
of Nations
Stalin receives promises that he would
get everything back lost in the RussoJapanese War if he enters against Japan
divide Germany and Berlin into 4
zones-US, Britain, France, USSR
try Nazi Leaders
USSR want Germany to pay bill-$20 B
and USSR gets half
agree to United Nations
<Yalta Conference
Potsdam
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FDR dies April 12, 1945
July 2- August 2, 1945
Harry S. Truman meets with
Stalin and Churchill (later
Clement Atlee takes over for
Churchill)
Japans ultimate surrender
Italy and Germany
uneasinessCold War starts
Truman and Stalin at Potsdam
The War Comes to an end
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August 14, 1945-Emperor
Hirohito decides to surrender
unconditionally against the
opposition of military leaders
British and American steam into
Tokyo Bay
<there on September 2, 1945-VJ day-formal surrender comes
on the deck of the battleship
Missouri
signed by General Douglas
MacArthur
War Crimes Trials
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Nuremberg Trials
charges against industrialists,
government officials, generals, admirals
charges: waging aggressive war and
violating generally accepted rules about
how to treat prisoners of war
12 of 22 received death penalties-7
prison terms-3 acquitted
total 500 Nazis found guilty
Japan-Tojo and 6 others were executed
and 4000 convicted and had prison
terms
<Defendants at the trials
Photographs of the Nuremberg Trial