Transcript Interwar Years PPT

The Butterfly
The last, the very last,
So richly, brightly, dazzlingly yellow.
Perhaps if the sun’s tears would sing
against a white stone....
For seven weeks I’ve
lived in here,
Penned up inside this
ghetto.
But I have found what I
love here.
The dandelions call to
me
And the white chestnut
branches in the court.
Only I never saw
another butterfly.
That butterfly was the last one.
Butterflies don’t live in here, in
the ghetto.
Such, such a yellow
Is carried lightly ’way
up high.
It went away I’m sure
because it wished
to kiss the world goodbye.
NEW LEADERSHIP
The Interwar Years
CHANGE
(1919-1939)
PROBLEMS
How was society affected
by the aftermath of war?
RECONSTRUCTION
Causes for Euro Depression
Crash of U.S.
Economy
(decline of world
trade)
UNEMPLOYMENT
WWI DEBTS/
DESTRUCTION
80
70
60
50
World
Trade (in
billions
of U.S. $)
40
30
Cost in Dollars in
1914-18
United States
22,625,253,000
20
Russia
22,293,950,000
10
Italy
12,413,998,000
Germany
37,775,000,000
0
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
"Don't be angry, just be amazed," was the calling card left by
Germans on the destroyed town hall of Péronne.
German cemetery at Bethune.
MAIN IDEA?
Germany, 1923
What might you want if you lived in a country
with these conditions?
Economic problems made
people want CHANGE
A new form of government
emerges in Europe…
Rise of Totalitarian Governments
(to control all aspects of life)
POLITICAL
• ______
more
important than
individuals
• 1-PARTY
•Dictator
SOCIAL
• Citizens
denied
basic
______
• Secret
______
to enforce
policies
ECONOMIC
• GOV
controls
______
• Business
exists to fulfill
______
objectives
Case Studies:
USSR:
Italy:
Germany:
Joseph Stalin Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler
LENIN
Case Studies: Totalitarianism
1. GOAL(S)
2. METHOD
3. OUTCOME
Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution (1917)
•
•
•
Poor _________conditions - WWI
Bolsheviks (____________)
– Led by _________ (Reds)
– “Call to Power”
• Overthrow _________(czar)
& capitalism
• No more _________
property
• Promises: 1. _________
(WWI); 2. _________
(redistribution of wealth;
public ownership); 3.
_________
Creation of the _________
– Union of Soviet Socialists
Republics
Case Study: VI Lenin
Goal:
a. Communism (equality & prosperity)
Methods:
a. Revolution/dictatorship
b. distributes land/factories to peasants (public
ownership)
c. surplus food distributed
d. Cheka = secret police; Red Army
Outcome/Effects:
a.
b.
Low production
Switches goal: New Economic Policy
-
Allow for some private enterprise
Peasants may sell surplus; economy improves
Economic Systems answer the following questions:
1. What to produce
2. How to produce?
3. Who to produce for?
Economic Systems DIFFER in deciding
WHO is making these decisions!
Why was Communism appealing?
(How do you get there?)
1st Step: Encourages proletariat to REVOLT
and take control of the factors of production!
2nd Step: “Dictatorship of the proletariat”
3rd Step: A classless society will emerge
where all people share wealth and power;
working cooperatively for the “common good”
4th Step: (pure communism): government
withers away (NEVER HAPPENED!)
Lenin Dies
(1924)
POWER STRUGGLE
Leon Trotsky
Murdered in
Mexico by
a Stalinist
agent
Joseph Stalin
Supported by
Communist
Party
Joseph Stalin~“Man of Steel”
1. Personal Glorification
Goals
2. “Five-Year” Plans
3. Collectivization
Goal:
#1
#2
#3
Methods:
Effects:
“We know of the friendship between Stalin and the
people”
“Long live
the great
Stalin”
“Beloved Stalin – A Fortune of the
Nation”
“We Will
Turn the Five
Year Plan
into a Four
Year One”
“Help Build The
Gigantic
Factories”
“Let's send
millions of
qualified worker
cadres to the 518
new factories
and production
units”
"Come,
comrades,
to join us in
the
collective
farm."
“You Too Can Be A Hero”
Stalin = “Man of Steel”
Program #2: Five Year Plans
• Results:
• Goal:
– to make the SU a
modern industrial
power
– Mass production;
economic growth
• Strategy:
– Command Economy ~
ALL economic activity
under gov control
– Peasants kill animals,
destroy tools, burn
crops
– Angry peasants grow
just enough to
survive
• Gov seizes grain
– starvation/fami
ne
– Execution of kulaks
or death from being
overworked
Stalin = “Man of Steel”
Program #3: Collectivization
• Goal: Revolution in
agriculture
• Strategy:
– forced peasants to give
up plots of
land/animals and live
on state owned farms
(collectives)
– Kulaks (wealthy
peasants) targets
• Sent to labor camps
– Gulags
• Results:
– Peasants kill animals,
destroy tools, burn
crops
– Angry peasants grow
just enough to survive
• Gov seizes grain
– starvation/famine
– Execution of kulaks or
death from being
overworked
Stalin = “Man of Steel”
Program #1: Purges & Glorification
• Goal:
– Personal Glorigification;
eliminate threats to rule •
• Paranoia
• Methods:
– Cheka ~ Secret Police
– Targets: Political rivals,
ethnic groups, religious
leaders, ordinary people,
kulaks (landowners)
– Gulags (labor camps),
trials
Results:
– 4 mill purged;
800,000 executed
– Purged 90% of
nation’s military
officers
– Rule by FEAR
Stalin = “Man of Steel”
Program #1: Personal Glorification
• Goal:
– To attain complete devotion, respect and love
(worship)
• Strategy:
– Youth organizations; military edu
– Statues/icons of Stalin
– Atheism: belief in no god replaced Christianity
– Churches/synagogues seized; priests killed
– Sacred Text: Writings of Marx, Lenin
• Results:
– MIXED!
Nationalism: A Force That Drives Leaders to Kill?
Historical Examples: Who were the victims?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
_____________; Roman Empire
_____________; Greece
_____________; Qin Dynasty (China)
_____________; Catholics (Holy Roman Empire)
_____________; Spanish (conquistadores)
_____________; Robespierre
_____________; King Leopold
_____________; Otto Von Bismarck
_____________; Hutu (Rwanda)
_____________; Ottomans
_____________; Stalin
Benito Mussolini: Il Duce – “the leader;” founds
National Fascist Party/Prime Minister -1922
BELIEVE,
OBEY,
FIGHT
• What does his
slogan mean?
EMBLEM of
Fascist Party
Fasces: ancient
___________
symbol for
unity/strength
of state
Fascism: Totalitarian government;
good of the ______ above individual rights
Mussolini is NOT a
____________________
• People have the right to own private
property
– Dictator may control your business
• He does not promise equality or
collective ownership
Conditions in Italy – Post-WWI
• Unemployment
• Poverty
• Political weakness - Versailles
• But this wasn’t always the case…
Roman Empire - 200
Glory of the past!
“War is to the male
as childbearing is to
the female”
• What does
he mean?
• What does
he want?
Mussolini, 1932
“The League of Nations has
been an Anglo-French tool to
maintain Anglo-French
dominance in the world.
There is no advantage for us
in maintaining the peace as it
was formulated at Versailles.
It is our interest to set the
Nations and history on the
move.”
What is Mussolini’s opinion on
the League of Nations?
Case Study: Mussolini
• Goal:
– To make Italy a powerful nation
• Methods:
–
–
–
–
Form of Gov’t = Fascism
to imperialize
ignore Versailles
Alliance with Germany
• Effects:
– Economy improves, strong centralized
government, fear prevails
Aim: How does Hitler win the support of the German people?
Nazi Party Election Poster - 1932 Top caption: “Enough! End it Now!”
Bottom caption: “Vote Hitler!”
1. How is the Nazi party
portrayed in this poster?
2. Why do you think the Nazis
want to convey this message
to the German people?
3. What are the Nazis referring
to in the phrase, “end it
now?”
4. According to the poster, how
are the Nazis going to deal
with Germany’s grievances?
Who was Adolf Hitler?
1. Serves in German army (WWI)
2. Joins Nationalist Party aka Nazi
Party (1919); gains popularity
a. Fascist (gov’t before individual)
b. Party Emblem = Swastika
3. Attempts to overthrow the *Weimar
Republic
a. Blamed for post-war problems;
Treaty of Versailles
4. Imprisoned
a. Writes, Mein Kampf (“My Life”);
reflects his ideas
Mein Kampf: What were Hitler’s ideas for Germany?
a)
b)
c)
Idea/Plan
d)
e)
f)
Initial your response please.
Hitler Youth: The Song of the Faithful (1933)
Two men are joined as one in you:
One seems cold and hard,
One who achieves his goals.
Another is tender and kind,
He forgets not even the poorest.
He feels for all of us.
Two streams owe their strength to you.
You are the sap rising from each root,
The seed that gives them birth —
A new spirit rose from you,
That forged us together as a nation
And dwells in us forever!
Question: According to the poem, how was Hitler
perceived by his people?
*(underline the evidence to support your claim)*
HW: Answer today’s aim:
How does Hitler win the support
of the German people?
Cite THREE examples to support
your response from today’s
classwork and discussion.
January 30, 1933
Adolf Hitler
appointed Chancellor
•End of Weimar
Republic
• “Enabling Act” –
Hitler establishes
dictatorship
The Gestapo is Born…April
1933
• Nazi Brown-Shirts
• Secret State Police
(Geheime Staats
Polizei) ~ Gestapo
– S.S
• Police prohibited
from interfering with
their actions
Hitler’s Domestic Policy
Interests within Germany
Complete Handout:
- Nuremberg Laws
- Visual Evidence
Research Paper Checklist:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Thesis?
4 sources (1 primary)
Sources integrated?
CITATIONS (avoid long quotes)
Did I prove my thesis?
Cover Page
Works Cited Page (NOT
ANNOTATED)
8. Turnitin.com
Oral Presentation
1. Visual Due Monday – 3/5; EMAILED, PPT SLIDE
a. Effectiveness?
2. Presentations begin, Tuesday – 3/6
a. 2 Index Cards
i. Guiding Questions (MAIN IDEAS)/Answers
ii. 3 Questions to the class
3. Technique – BE PROFESSIONAL
Extra Credit:
Night of Remembrance
1. Somers High School, April , pm
2. Attendance = 100% Quiz Grade
3. Attendance + Reflection = 100% Exam
Grade*
4. Projects = up to 3 points on 3rd MP final
average
Krystallnacht
“Night of the Broken Glass”
"Germans! Defend Yourselves! Don't buy from
Jews!" Berlin, Germany, April 1, 1933
Hadamar Institute
Karl
Brandt
Why didn’t the Jews leave Hitler’s
Germany…or did they?
Task:
Read source, “Documentation Required for
Emigration from Germany”
Do Now: Why would leaving Germany be difficult
if you were a German Jew in the 1930’s?
Steps Toward War: Hitler’s Foreign Policy
Interests outside Germany
Early German Aggression
I. Into the Rhineland (March 1936)
• Demilitarized
Zone
– Violation of
Versailles
2. Anschluss
Union of Austria/Germany (1938)
3. Sudetenland
West. Czech
(German population)
Munich Conference (1938)
Meeting b/w Britain and Germany to discuss Hitler’s
demand for the Sudetenland
Hitler
• Decision to ______________
Hitler (give him what he
wants)
– MUNICH PACT: Czech may
go to Hitler but that is it
• Pledge to protect
________________
Chamberlain
Munich Conference (1938)
Why did they APPEASE Hitler?
Democratic Attitude:
• Giving into the demands of an aggressor in order to
keep _____________
– Not responding/noninvolvement
• Voters demand “no more war”
– Disgust by ____________________
• Maybe Versailles was too _________________?
• Hitler was a defense against _________________?
• Suffering from Great _________________
– U.S. passes Neutrality Acts
– Forbids sale of arms to any nation at war
"You were given the choice
between war and dishonor. You
chose dishonor, and you will
have war."
-Churchill
(in a speech given to the House of Commons)
Who do you agree with,
Chamberlain or Churchill? Why?
Failure of the League of _______________
Japanese Aggression –1937
1. Seizes Manchuria (E. China)
a. Resources
b. No sanctions
Italian Aggression
1. Invasion of _______________
a. No sanctions
“Axis Powers”
Germany
Japan
Italy
Would not interfere with
each other’s plans for
expansion! (Tripartite pact)
ALLIED RESPONSE:
__________________
On Sept. 1, 1939 German troops
invade Poland
World War II begins…
World War II
1939-1945