Transcript Adolf Hitler

WWII
Anyone know any strong leaders?
As things grew bad during the Great
Depression, people started turning to
strong leaders to solve the world
problems.
Adolf Hitler, a German leader, led a
political party called the Nazis.
The Nazis believed in fascism where the
government controls the economy, culture,
and most parts of people’s lives.
Adolf Hitler
A Nazi Dictator
The Nazi Party took power in Germany
Hitler ruled as a dictator, or a ruler who
has total control of a country and its
people
Hitler wanted to make Germany a strong
nation
Meanwhile, around the world…
In Italy, Benito Mussolini ruled as a
dictator
In Japan, nationalist leaders took control
These leaders in Japan, Germany, and
Italy, believed in racism
Racism is the idea that one race, or group
of people is better
For example, Hitler blamed the Jewish
people for all of Germany’s problems
Imperialism is baack!
Germany, Italy, and Japan began to
invade other countries
They formed an alliance to protect each
other called the Axis Powers
Hitler annexed, or added, Austria to
Germany and later, Czechoslovakia
Then Hitler made a secret agreement with
Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet
Union
Germany’s Aggression in
Europe
Track the following on your map:
• 1938- Hitler takes over Austria and western
Czechoslovakia
• 1939- Germany invades Poland (war begins)
• 1940- Germany invades Denmark and Norway,
France, Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg, and
reaches the British Channel
• They later go for the British Channel Islands
Japan’s Aggression in the
Pacific
Track the following on your map:
• 1937- Japan already occupies Manchuria
and invades central China
• 1941- Japan invades Vietnam, Laos, and
Cambodia, Japan bombs Pearl Harbor,
and attacks the Philippines
• 1942- Japan occupies Manila, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Burma, the Solomon Islands,
and Singapore
Stalin and Hitler: BFFs
The Allies
Great Britain and France formed an
alliance known as the Allied Powers
They tried to stop Germany by signing an
agreement with Hitler
In the agreement, Hitler promised not to
invade any more countries and in return,
they got to keep the land they already had
Hitler soon broke his promise….
Broken Promises
Germany broke the agreement by
attacking Poland
The Allies then declared war on Germany
Italy and Japan soon declared war on the
Allies
The Allies could not stop the strong
German army
By the end of 1941, Germany controlled
most of Europe
Great Britain stays strong
Only Britain had not fallen to Germany
German planes bombed parts of London
and other cities
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
inspired his people to keep fighting!
America to the Rescue!
At the beginning of the war, Americans
believed in isolationism
However, FDR wanted to help Britain, so
he sent military equipment and supplies
FDR was growing worried about Japanthey had invaded China and were planning
to conquer other Asian countries
The Leader of Japan
The Japanese Prime Minister Hirohito
knew that only the US Navy was strong
enough to stop them
Japanese leaders planned to destroy the
US Navy with a surprise attack…
ATTACK on U.S. soil
On the morning of Dec. 7, 1941, Japanese
airplanes bombed Pearl Harbor, a US
Naval base in Hawaii
The US fleet suffered terrible damage and
thousands of soldiers and sailors died
Americans were stunned and most
believed that they had no choice but to
fight back
FDR called for a war against Japan
ATTACK!
Pearl Harbor
WAR!
The day after the bombing, Congress
declared war on Japan
Three days later, Germany and Italy
declared war on the US
Our military was not prepared for a big war
After the attack, the US had to mobilize, or
get ready for war
Preparing for War…
Americans joined the army or were drafted
Factories stopped making consumer
goods and started making military goods
For example, the Ford Motor Company,
went from making cars to building
airplanes and airplane engines
Scientists created new technology to help
with the war like new designs for airplanes
A Helping Hand
Women and African-Americans worked in
factories that made supplies for the war
Women worked jobs that only men had
worked before
Rosie the Riveter
“United” States
Everyone helped with the war effort
People made sacrifices like food rationing
Victory gardens were grown
People paid close attention to what was
happening in the war
People read newspapers and watched
newsreels
Propaganda was everywhere!
Tough Times for Japanese
Americans
After Pearl Harbor, people worried that
Japanese Americans would help Japan
attack the U.S.
FDR signed an order that forced over
100,000 Japanese Americans to leave
their homes and move to internment
camps
These camps were places where
prisoners were held during wartime
Internment Camps
Most of the people sent to these camps
were American citizens
This was happening while thousands of
Japanese Americans fought for the US in
the war
Germany’s Surprising Strength
The Axis Powers had prepared well for
war- they had trained many soldiers and
built tons of supplies
Germany conquered much of Europe,
including the Soviet Union
Japan’s army took over much of the
Pacific
In 1942, the Allies began to move against
the Axis Powers
African American Fighters
A group of African American pilots known
as the Tuskegee Airmen flew many
successful missions over Italy
Trouble in Paradise
By early 1944, Germany was in trouble
On D-Day, nearly 200,000 Allied forces
invaded Northern France
 This landing allowed the surviving US
soldiers to move toward Germany
 At the same time, Soviet soldiers were
advancing on Germany from the east
D-DAY
The largest water-to-land invasion in history
General Eisenhower led the attack
Troops entered the beaches of Normandy to meet
German troops
V-E Day!
In May 1945, Germany was forced to
surrender
The Allies declared May 8th to be V-E Day!
Meanwhile, in the Pacific, fighting raged
on…
Japan had many victories after Pearl
Harbor and controlled a large part of Asia
and the Pacific
Victory in the Pacific
The Allies had a major victory over Japan
in the Battle of Midway
In it, they used aircraft carriers, or large
ships that carry airplanes far from land
The ships were so large that planes can
take off and land on the deck of the ship
The Plan
Our plan to defeat Japan was called Island
Hopping
The US hopped from island to island,
taking it from Japan
Each island became a place where they
could attack Japan and they got closer
and closer
The Battle of Iwo Jima
This battle was a key victory for the United
States where they captured back the
island of Iwo Jima
Victory over Japan
By the summer of 1945, the US was close
enough to invade Japan
However, Harry Truman, our new
president, thought it would be too
dangerous for our troops
He decided to go with a different plan…
The Atomic Bomb
The Atomic Bomb
A powerful bomb that can destroy an
entire city
President Truman hoped that the bomb
would be able to end the war
On Aug. 6, 1945, an American plane
dropped an atomic bomb on the city of
Hiroshima
The explosion killed nearly 100,000 people
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Three days later, the US dropped another
atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki
The emperor, Hirohito, soon surrendered
August 14, 1945 became known as V-J
Day!
Destruction of War
Now that the war was over, people had to
face the massive destruction it had caused
Many soldiers and civilians had been killed
Cities laid in ruins
Civilians were left without jobs, food, and
homes
The Holocaust
Before and during the war, the Nazis had
been putting people in concentration
camps
The people they put there included Jews,
gypsies, and people with disabilities
Conditions were terrible in these camps
People were forced to work, were beaten,
starved, and killed
Hitler’s “Final Solution”
His final solution was a plan of mass
murder
The mass murder was called the
Holocaust
Only when the war was over did people
realize what Hitler had been doing
Over 12 million people had been killed, 6
million of them Jews