Transcript World War II

Lecture
World War II
World History
Pair-Share
• What do you already KNOW about
WWII?
• What do you WANT to learn about
WWII?
• What do you PREDICT we will study
about WWII?
Objective
• Students will be able to
analyze the causes and
consequences of World War II
by completing CLOZE notes
and a graphic organizer.
Essential Questions
•
•
•
How did the aggressors of World War
11 benefit from the policy of
appeasement and nonintervention?
How did the geography of the Allied
and Axis powers impact diplomacy,
military and political decisions during
World War 11?
What was the human cost of World
War11?
World War II
1. Aggression, Appeasement, and War
A. Fascist aggression in the 1930s
i. Germany – Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia
ii. Italy – Ethiopia and Albania
iii. Japan – Manchuria and China
The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
Guernica – Pablo Picasso
World War II
1. Aggression, Appeasement, and War
A. Fascist aggression in the 1930s
i. Germany – Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia
ii. Italy – Ethiopia
iii. Japan – Manchuria and China
B. Spanish Civil War “dress rehearsal” for World War
i. Fascists supported General Francisco Franco
ii. USSR and volunteers from everywhere went to
Spain to fight for the Spanish Republic
Peace in
our times…
Hitler
invaded
Poland.
France and
Britain
declared
war.
World War II
1. Aggression, Appeasement, and War
A. Fascist aggression in the 1930s
i. Germany – Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia
ii. Italy – Ethiopia
iii. Japan – Manchuria and China
B. Spanish Civil War “dress rehearsal” for World War
i. Fascists supported General Francisco Franco
ii. USSR and volunteers from everywhere went to
Spain to fight for the Spanish Republic
C. to avoid another major war, western democracies
adopted a policy of appeasement but finally declared
war when Hitler invaded Poland in September 1939
2. The Three Fronts of World War II (1939-1945)
A. WWII fought in: Europe, N. Africa, Asia and the
Pacific Islands
Allies vs. Axis
2. The Three Fronts of World War II (1939-1945)
A. WWII fought in: Europe, N. Africa, Asia and the
Pacific Islands
B. Alliances of WWII
i. Axis Powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan
ii. Allied Powers - France, Britain, the Soviet Union, China, and
the United States
Blitzkrieg – Terror from the Skies
The Nazis used a new
form of warfare
“Blitzkrieg” to
overrun the Allies.
When Britain and
France declared war
on Poland, they
expected to fight the
same kind of trench
war as World War I.
The Allies were
incapable of dealing
with the mobility and
precision of the
German Blitzkrieg.
2. The Three Fronts of World War II (1939-1945)
A. WWII fought in: Europe, N. Africa, Asia and the
Pacific Islands
B. Alliances of WWII
i. Axis Powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan
ii. Allied Powers - France, Britain, the Soviet Union, China, and
the United States
C. modern technology made World War II more
destructive than any previous war
i. faster and more effective airplanes and submarines and
increasingly deadlier bombs, (Germans used Blitzkrieg)
3. Hitler’s Westward Expansion
A. Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg
and the Netherlands using Bliztkrieg
3. Hitler’s Westward Expansion
A. Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg
and the Netherlands using Bliztkrieg
B. Germany bypasses the Maginot line and attacked
France through Belgium.
i. Germany pushed Allies across France to Dunkirk on the English
Channel
ii. France surrendered on June 16, 1940
a. North – controlled by Germany
b. South – Vichy France (puppet state)
Chamberlain – forced
to resign because of
appeasing Hitler
Winston Churchill
took his place
Britain stood alone
against the AXIS
Powers – posed a
threat to U.S.
national security
Hitler ordered Germany
to attack Britain…
3. Hitler’s Westward Expansion
A. Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg
and the Netherlands using Bliztkrieg
B. Germany bypasses the Maginot line and attacked
France through Belgium.
i. Germany pushed Allies across France to Dunkirk on the English
Channel
ii. France surrendered on June 16, 1940
a. North – controlled by Germany
b. South – Vichy France (puppet state)
C. Battle of Britain
i. August 1940-June 1941
ii. Sept. 1940 – 1st peace time U.S. draft
iii. Britain never gives up
• Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF)
counterattacked aided by radar
• The British downed 2,300 German
planes and lost 900 of their own
• 40,000 citizens killed
• By the end of 1940 Germany
cancelled plans to invade Britain
• ¼ of the RAF were killed
3. Hitler’s Westward Expansion
A. Hitler conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg and the
Netherlands using Bliztkrieg
B. Germany bypasses the Maginot line and attacked France through
Belgium.
i. Germany pushed Allies across France to Dunkirk on the English
Channel
ii. France surrendered on June 16, 1940
a. North – controlled by Germany
b. South – Vichy France (puppet state)
C. Battle of Britain
i. August 1940-June 1941
ii. Sept. 1940 – 1st peace time U.S. draft
iii. Britain never gives up
D. U.S. joins the war after it is attacked at Pearl Harbor
i. December 7, 1941
E. By 1942 the Axis Powers controlled virtually all of western Europe
and North Africa
Germany and Italy Attack North Africa
• September 1940: Italian
troops attack British
controlled Egypt
• February 1941: The British
are defeating the Italians.
Over 130,000 Italian
soldiers have been
caught. Hitler helps Italy
by sending in a German
general, Erwin Rommel,
and German troops.
• June 1942: Erwin Rommel is
able to capture Egypt. This
is a major defeat for the
British.
The North African Front
4. The North African Front
A. Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”)– secure N. Africa for
AXIS Powers
B. “Beat Hitler first” strategy – defeat AXIS Powers
in Europe first
C. “Operation Torch” 1942 – headed by U.S. general
Eisenhower and British generals Montgomery and
Clark
i. Rommel surrendered
Invasion of Sicily and Italy:
• In August. 1, 1943 U.S. general
Patton and British general
Montgomery attack Italy. It was a
victory for the Allies because
Italians became fed up with Mussolini
who was Replaced him with Badoglio
who immediately negotiated peace
with the Allies. Mussolini lynched 2
years later.
4. The North African Front
A. Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”)– secure N. Africa for
AXIS Powers
B. “Beat Hitler first” strategy – defeat AXIS Powers
in Europe first
C. “Operation Torch” 1942 – headed by U.S. general
Eisenhower and British generals Montgomery and
Clark
i. Rommel surrendered
D. Allies invade Italy - surrenders
5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front
The War in the Balkans
• Summer 1940: Hitler
began planning an
attack on the Soviet
Union. To do this, he
needed the Balkan
region
• Winter 1941: Hitler
invaded Bulgaria,
Romania, Hungary,
Yugoslavia and Greece.
Hitler was on the
doorstep of the Soviet
Union.
5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front
A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans
Between September 1939
and June 1941, the Axis
Powers seemed
unstoppable.
In June 1941, Hitler
turned his attention to
But what happened to the Pact?
Since the
Russian
Revolution,
Russia had been
excluded from
all major
international
activity.
In August 1939,
Stalin responded
to German
suggestions for
a Nonaggression
Pact with the
Hitler and Stalin agreed to share
AxisPoland.
Powers.
The pact
ends
when
Germany
invades the
5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front
A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans
B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR
i. Operation Barbarossa
Hitler sent 3
million
troops who
pushed back
the Soviets
As the Soviets
withdrew they
destroyed farm
equipment and
crops hoping this
“scorched earth”
policy would
deprive the enemy
of supplies.
Hitler believed
his lightening
attack would
bring a quick
victory…
He Was Wrong!
5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front
A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans
B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR
i. Operation Barbarossa
a. “Scorched earth” policy by USSR
His
requests
were
not
met!
To help his nations survive
this onslaught, Stalin asked
allies for:
1. Massive aid
2. Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe
3. Second front in western Europe
As Hitler sent Germans to
their death in the Russian
winter, the USA started to
rethink its relationship with
the USSR.
5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front
A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans
B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR
i. Operation Barbarossa
a. “Scorched earth” policy by USSR
b. Stalin asked allies for:
-Massive aid
-Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe
-Second front in western Europe
*His requests were not met
The Blitzkrieg
Russian
The
defense
held,
until
swept
east.
winter…
The Nazi army
was
unstoppable.
The Russians
decided not to
surrender
their cities,
and much of
the fighting
was done in
urban areas.
Total War
reached new
heights.
5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front
A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans
B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR
i. Operation Barbarossa
a. “Scorched earth” policy by USSR
b. Stalin asked allies for:
-Massive aid
-Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe
-Second front in western Europe
*His requests were not met
c. The battle for Leningrad lasted for 2 years
German Soldiers in the Trenches on the Eastern front
Having been stopped at Leningrad and Moscow, the
Germans shifted their offensive Southward.
Germans were desperate
for more oil supplies
5. The Struggle on the Eastern Front
A. 1941 Germany invades the Balkans
B. June 1941 Germany attacked USSR
i. Operation Barbarossa
a. “Scorched earth” policy by USSR
b. Stalin asked allies for:
-Massive aid
-Recognition of territorial demands in Eastern Europe
-Second front in western Europe
*His requests were not met
c. The battle for Leningrad lasted for 2 year
ii. Battle of Stalingrad – October 1942
a. important industrial center
b. Nov. 19 Soviets counterattacked
c. German army surrendered
d. Dramatic shift in the war
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11
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71
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Hitler sends army to Rhineland
Germans invade Austria
Germans take Sudetenland
Hitler takes Czechoslovakia
Hitler invades Poland – France
and England declare war
6. Hitler attacks Denmark and
Norway
7. Germans invade Holland,
Belgium, and France
8. Germans invade through
Ardennes Forest
9. Dunkirk retreat to England
10. Italy attacks France
11. Battle of Britain
12. Italy attacks British in Egypt –
need German help
13. Axis take the Balkans
14. Hitler attacks Russia
In 1942, the war began
to turn in favor of the
Allies.
The Nazi advance into
Russia was stopped.
6. The Allied Offensive in Europe
A. Operation Overlord (D-Day) June 6, 1944
i. Cross Channel Allied invasion to retake France
a. Amphibious assault on water and land
b. Planned by U.S. General Eisenhower
c. Success depended on 3 conditions
-reserve of supplies
-secrecy
-clear weather
Allied troops during D-Day
On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the
operation started at 2am
with the landing of
parachute troops in strategic
This was followed by the arrival of
inland positions.
5.000 warships of all kinds, which
began shelling the German coastal
forts.
At 6:30am the first set of
troops stormed the beaches of
Normandy, the northwest
Within 24 hours, 120,000
province of France.
troops were landed at five
different beachheads on the
Normandy coast
Within 3 weeks 800,000 men joined
the Allied troops in France
6. The Allied Offensive in Europe
A. Operation Overlord (D-Day) June 6, 1944
i. Cross Channel Allied invasion to retake France
a. Amphibious assault on water and land
b. Planned by U.S. General Eisenhower
c. Success depended on 3 conditions
-reserve of supplies
-secrecy
-clear weather
ii. Allies broke through the German Defense line
a. General Patton led a brilliant assault in
France
b. Paris was liberated in August of 1944
5. The Allied Offensive in Europe
A. Operation Overlord (D-Day) June 6, 1944
i. Cross Channel Allied invasion to retake France
a. Amphibious assault on water and land
b. Planned by U.S. General Eisenhower
c. Success depended on 3 conditions
-reserve of supplies
-secrecy
-clear weather
ii. Allies broke through the German Defense line
a. General Patton led a brilliant assault against
France
b. Paris was liberated in August of 1944
B. The Battle of the Bulge
i. The last German Offensive
ii. Germany surrenders May 8, 1945
Victory in Europe
(V-E Day)
Diminished by 3 factors
1.The realities of the concentration
camps were revealed
2.FDR died on April 12, 1945
3.The war in the Pacific continued to
rage
Victory in Europe
7. The War in the Pacific
A. By 1942 Japan occupied most of the Pacific Islands
i. Fighting the Japanese was different than Europe
a. fighting in dense jungle
b. U.S. offensive was amphibious landings on small
islands
c. naval rather than air supremacy was key
General MacArthur
General Douglas
MacArthur was
commander of the
U.S. Army in the
Pacific
To win the war, the Allies had to go “island hopping”
Okinawa
110,000
Japanese
and
12,500
Americans
die in
April 1945
Iwo Jima,
fell to US
Marines in
March 1945
Japanese
fleet
stopped in
June 1942
Japanese base
destroyed at
Guadalcanal
6. The War in the Pacific
A. By 1942 Japan occupied most of the Pacific Islands
i. Fighting the Japanese was different than Europe
a. fighting in dense jungle
b. U.S. offensive was amphibious landings on small
islands
c. naval rather than air supremacy was key
B. The Allies go on the Offensive
i. Japanese advances were halted by American
victories at Midway Island & Coral Sea
6. The War in the Pacific
A. By 1942 Japan occupied most of the Pacific Islands
i. Fighting the Japanese was different than Europe
a. fighting in dense jungle
b. U.S. offensive was amphibious landings on small
islands
c. naval rather than air supremacy was key
B. The Allies go on the Offensive
i. Japanese advances were halted by American
victories at Midway Island & Coral Sea
ii. American forces then took the offensive, “island
hopping” toward Japan.
The Atomic Bomb
• In the 1930’s Albert Einstein discovers that
splitting atoms let loose tremendous energy
•During the war, scientists had urged President
Roosevelt to develop a bomb using the atom before
the Germans did.
•The Manhattan project was created to create the
first atomic bomb.
•In 1945 the U.S. successfully tested the atomic
bomb at Alamogordo in the New Mexico desert.
C. to force Japan to surrender
i. United States used a powerful new weapon, the
atomic bomb
ii. bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki
C. to force Japan to surrender
i. United States used a powerful new weapon, the
atomic bomb
ii. bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki
iii. Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945
7. From World War to Cold War
A. costs of World War II were enormous
i. 51 million people dead worldwide
ii. millions of refugees
iii. lands in Europe and Asia in ruins
Churchill
Roosevelt
Stalin
7. From World War to Cold War
A. costs of World War II were enormous
i. 75 million people dead worldwide
ii. millions of refugees
iii. lands in Europe and Asia in ruins
B. change of international power
i. the old European Powers – France, Britain, and
Germany – were exhausted by the war
ii. two new powers – the USSR and the USA –
assumed the dominant role in global politics
7. From World War to Cold War
A. costs of World War II were enormous
i. 75 million people dead worldwide
ii. millions of refugees
iii. lands in Europe and Asia in ruins
B. change of international power
i. the old European Powers – France, Britain, and
Germany – were exhausted by the war
ii. two new powers – the USSR and the USA –
assumed the dominant role in global politics
C. conflicting ideologies and mutual distrust led to the
Cold War, which pitted the western democracies, led
by the United States, against the communist bloc,
dominated by the Soviet Union
Essential Questions
•
•
•
How did the aggressors of World War
11 benefit from the policy of
appeasement and nonintervention?
How did the geography of the Allied
and Axis powers impact diplomacy,
military and political decisions during
World War 11?
What was the human cost of World
War11?