Transcript WWII - Spokane Public Schools

WWII
WWII
THE EUROPEAN FRONT
RUSSIA
June 22, 1941
Germany and allies invaded
Russia with a 2,000 mile front
~3 million men
~From northern Baltic states to
the Black Sea
~Most successful in the north
1944
~Leningrad (St. Petersburg) held
out and city was never taken
-resorted to cannibalism
~Center made good advances but
never took Moscow
-not equipped for winter
warfare
-Hitler made them stay
~Stalingrad (Volgograd) main city
they wanted from the south
Stalin’s namesake
On the Volga River
~Crimea and Ukraine taken from
Russia
Supplies cut in half when Ukraine
taken
~300,000 German men wiped out to
hold Stalingrad
-Hitler would not let them retreat
-1/2 million killed on Russia Front
~Russian’s getting supplies from the
U.S.
-tanks, guns, food, etc
~Technique to fighting the Germans
Wait for Germans to attack-let them
envelop and cut them off
Russia Continued….
Jan 1944
~Leningrad no longer needs to fight
-Russia gets Romania and Finland back
-By July were at Polish borders
-Then got to Warsaw
~Resistance of Poland
-Polish wanted to get supplies
-Russia said no
-Russia wouldn’t let U.S. give supplies
~200,000 Poles died in Resistance
-Russian’s let Germans take care of rebels and then would take Poland
~Russia did liberate Yugoslavia
-got out quick
By end-1944-ready to invade Germany
Naval War in European District
~Germans use submarines (U-Boats)
-to strangle the British navy
~1st naval action in war
-Graft Spree (German ship)
-cornered in channel by Britain
-sailed into deep water and scuttled it
1841-U.S. Declared Greenland was under our protection
-later declared that if they saw ships in harbors they
would radio the British
~U.S. took over protection of convoys to Iceland
-this gets into war
-now we can shoot 1st
~We are in shipbuilding projects
-build ships before you can sink them all
~U.S. winning the Atlantic War
~~Italy
July 10, 1943
~ Americans landed on Sicily
-Triumphant Campaign
July 25, 1943 ~ Mussolini overthrown
~Non fascist government elected
-They started an armistice with the U.S.
-U.S. began cruising into Italy
~Italy had an unconditional surrender
-But Allies will restore Italian borders
-Italy agreed to fight Germans
~ Allies wanted Naples as a port
-Germans destroyed it
~U.S. wanted Rome
-Germans fighting for it
~ Little support given to Italian Front
-Because of D-Day, etc.
~ Hitler sent a commando team to rescue Mussolini
-Ran Northern Italy
-Mussolini and girlfriend were caught, shot and strung up on the town square
-By the time US troops come the Bodies are torn apart
May 2, 1945- Germany surrenders Italy
Campaign in Northern Europe
June 6, 1944—D-Day
• Eisenhower and company
landed on Normandy
~Went better than expected
~Less casualties than
expected
*10,000 casualties
*2,500 dead
July 20th, 1944
• Stauffenberg bomb plot
~didn’t kill Hitler
~rattled him
*Knew Army was against him
*Now even more paranoid
August 25th, 1944
• Paris was liberated
~Germans didn’t fight
~ Eisenhower planned on a
broad approach
~ Montgomery got Antwerp
(everything he did was a
disaster)
~ Operation Market Garden disaster
Campaign in Northern Europe
Continued...
December 16th, 1944
Battle of the Bulge
~hit us in weak lines
~Bastogne held by American
refugees
~Christmas Day relieved
~Really hurt the Germans
~Was Germans Last Offensive
* Brought all men to fight
* Many killed
~ Eisenhower was pressured to
end it quickly
*needed help in Pacific
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/b
ulge/sfeature/sf_footage.html
Picture Links:
http://www.tankdriverbook.com/photos.shtml
Yalta Conference
• Russia would get Berlin
*Eisenhower wouldn’t
waste men fighting for
future Russian territory
April 2, 1945- Roosevelt
died
• Truman took over
April 30th, 1945- Hitler
killed himself in a bunker
May 7th, 1945- Germany
surrenders
~Signed May 8th 1945
(V-E-Day)
~ May 23rd, 1945- Allied
government now in
control-Eisenhower
WWII
The Pacific Front
War in Pacific actually Began in
1931 with Japanese attack on
Manchuria
May 1939
Germany, Japan and Italy created
Pact of Steel
•
•
•
U.S. only great power in Pacific
All other countries have too much
going on at home
Japan got naval bases in China
~ U.S. tried embargoes
~Froze Japanese assets
October 1941
• A Japanese civilian was replaced
by general Tojo as prime minister
•
December 7th, 1941 -- Attack on
Pearl Harbor
~Japanese didn’t want Pearl Harbor
-Just Wanted to cripple U.S. navy
-So they keep what they had
~ U. S. Aircraft carriers were out at
sea
• Americans most concerned with
Pacific not war in China
• Americans agreed that Europe
was most important to deal with
first
~ 70% of troops to Europe
~ 30% of troops to Pacific
 When Pearl Harbor was attacked
Germany and Italy declared war
on U.S
• Japanese start taking lines of
territory
-Even threatened Australia
~MacArthur escaped Philippines
-Made commander of Pacific
troops
Pacific Front Continued…
• April 18th, 1942 – Tokyo
Bombing
• ~ Bombers led by Johnny
Doolittle (off a carrier)
• -8 airmen captured
• * 3 beheaded
• Had no fuel to make it back
Japanese Offensives
• Battle of Coral Sea (May 1942)
• Battle of Midway (June 1942)
* Caught Japanese by surprise
* U.S. Got Midway
*Turning points of the war
*Was before European Front
• June 1944
Landed in Marinas
*Guam, Tunian, Saipan
• Marinas Turkey Shoot
(June 19-20, 1944)
-Air to air
-Air to sea
-Japan lost 467 planes
- U.S. lost 130 planes
104 lost because of fuel
• Iwo Jima
Japanese fleet will no longer
be a factor and will go home
~1 month of fighting
~21,000 Japanese there
* All but 216 dead
~Factor in nuclear bomb
Iwo Jima
End of Pacific Front
Okinawa
• 117,000 American Men
– Only 7,000 survived
-Massive use of Kamikazes
-Sunk 25 U.S. ships
• British now fighting in India
-Help in our fight
Invasion of Japan
• Estimated 300,000 Americans
would be killed
• Would require 900,000 men
• Would require 200 million to
take all of Japan
• Japanese had new army (fight
for death)
• Knew Japanese would kill all
POWs
• When MacArthur found out
said increase body bags by
300%
• This was the reason for the
Atomic bombing of Japan
• August 6, 1945 - - Bombed
Hiroshima
• August 8,1945 - - Soviet
Union Declares war on Japan
• August 9, 1945 - - Bombed
Nagasaki
• August 14, 1945- - Emperor
surrendered
• August 15, 1945 – VJ DAY
• September 2, 1945 - Surrender Signed