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: Germany
Why did the Nazis rise to power?
How much do you know?
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Make a timeline from 1918 to 1945
Put on it everything you know about the topic
People, dates, events, numbers
(if you can’t remember a date- just put where you
think it should go...)
Unit IIID: Germany
Why did the Nazis rise to power?
Because:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Treaty of Versailles angered Germans
Weimar Germany = weak
Nazis = well organised
Wall St Crash – Depression
Politicians let them in
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
Give an example for each so you can
Explain these weaknesses:
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Treaty of Versailles
Weimar constitution
Weimar democracy
Putsches
Ruhr Crisis & hyperinflation
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
1. Q: Treaty of Versailles
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Reparations =
_______ = Alsace, Polish corridor
_______ = blamed for WWI
Demilitarisation =
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Rhineland =
No union with ______
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
1.
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A: Treaty of Versailles
Reparations = £6.6 billion
Land lost = Alsace, Polish corridor
War guilt = blamed for WWI
Demilitarisation = no tanks,
planes, subs; army only 100,000
Rhineland = occupied by French
No union with Austria
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
2. Q: Weimar constitution weak
• Constitution =
• Proportional Representation =
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(Article 48)President =
Many parties ________ Weimar
Germany
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
2. A: Weimar constitution weak
• Constitution = laws for a country
• Proportional Representation =
many small parties, couldn’t agree
• (Article 48)President = too much
power
• Many parties opposed Weimar
Germany
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
3. Q: Democracy was new
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Kaiser=
Left wing = socialists, against Weimar
because wanted …
Right wing = Nazis, Freikorps, against
Weimar because wanted …
Social Democratic Party leader stuck in
middle =
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
3. A: Democracy was new
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Kaiser= people used to control
Left wing = socialists, against Weimar
because wanted equality for all
Right wing = Nazis, Freikorps, against
Weimar because wanted return to 1
strong leader
Ebert (Social Democratic Party) leader=
stuck in middle
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
4. Q: Putsches
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Putsch =
Weimar name = because not safe for
government in ____
Kiel mutiny 1918 =
Spartacists 1919
–
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Kapp
–
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Ebert used ________ to stop- left wing hated
him for this!
1920
Ebert used ______ to stop Kapp’s friekorps.
Right wing hated him for this!
Munich (Beerhall) 1923 =
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
4. Putsches
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Putsch = violent takeover of government
Weimar name = because not safe for
government in Berlin
Kiel mutiny 1918 = German Navy refused
Kaiser’s orders to go to war
Spartacists 1919
–
•
Kapp
–
•
Ebert used Freikorps to stop- left wing hated
him for this!
1920
Ebert used left wing to stop Kapp’s friekorps.
Right wing hated him for this!
Munich (Beerhall) 1923 = Nazis tried to
overthrow Bavarian State
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
5.
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Q: Ruhr crisis and Hyperinflation
1922 Germans couldn’t pay…
So French German workers – went…
Government- printed
Caused hyperinflation =
Eg 1 loaf = 1 mark,
then _______ marks by 1923
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
5. A: Ruhr crisis and Hyperinflation
• 1922 Germans couldn’t pay
reparations
• French - invaded to take them
• German workers – on strike
• Government- printed money to
pay them
• Caused hyperinflation = money
loses all value
• Eg 1 loaf = 1 mark, then 22 million
marks
Why was Weimar Germany weak?
Try again:
Give an example for each so you can
Explain these weaknesses:
•
•
•
•
•
Treaty of Versailles
Weimar constitution
Weimar democracy
Putsches
Ruhr Crisis & hyperinflation
Why did the Nazis take power?
Give an example so you can
Explain each reason:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Weimar Germany weak
Good leadership
Nazis popular ideas
Nazis well organised
Wall St Crash & Depression
Politicians gave Nazis power
Hitler’s trickery
Why did the Nazis take power?
1. Q: Was Weimar Germany weak 1923-29?
YES
 Democracy, putsches, Versailles, constitution, hyperinflation etc
 1923-29 ______ struggled
 Weimar culture- many right wingers hated …
 Recovery based on ____ from ____
NO
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_________ = leader 1923-29
Stopped hyperinflation with …
Stopped French with ______ treaty = guaranteed …
1926 joined ____________
Reduced reparations – ____ plan, ____ plan
______ recovered
Why did the Nazis take power?
1. A: Was Weimar Germany weak 1924-29?
YES
 Democracy, putsches, Versailles, constitution, hyperinflation etc
 1923-29 farmers struggled
 Weimar culture- many right wingers hated ‘cabaret’, art etc.
 Recovery based on loans from USA
NO
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Stresemann = Chancellor – 1923 Foreign Minister from 1924-29
Stopped hyperinflation with Rentenmark
Stopped French with Locarno treaty = guaranteed Western
borders
1926 joined League of Nations
Reduced reparations – Dawes plan, Young plan
Economy recovered
Why did the Nazis take power?
2. Q: Were the Nazi leaders good?
YES
Hitler
–
1924 when he was ______ - party collapsed
After 1923 aim = win power through _____
Goebbels
- excellent…
Goering
- famous …
____
- violent & dangerous SA leader
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NO
Munich putsch failed 1923
Why did the Nazis take power?
2. Were the Nazi leaders good?
YES
Hitler
– great speaker- dominated party
1924 when he was in prison - party collapsed
After 1923 aim = win power through votes
Goebbels
- excellent propaganda
Goering
- famous war ace
Rohm
- violent & dangerous SA leader
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NO
Munich putsch failed 1923
Why did the Nazis take power?
3. Q: Were the Nazis well
organised?
YES
SA = Sturm Abteilung =
SA easily recognised =
_________ = Volkischer Beobachter
Nuremburg rallies =
__________= Gauleiters
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Why did the Nazis take power?
3. A: Were the Nazis well
organised?
YES
SA = Sturm Abteilung = beat up
opponents
SA easily recognised = brown shirts,
uniforms
Newspaper = Volkischer Beobachter
Nuremburg rallies = mass
demonstrations of support
Many regional supporters = Gauleiters
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Why did the Nazis take power?
4. Q: Were the Nazis ideas popular?
YES
Against Treaty of …
Against _____ Germany
Anti-semitic = blamed…
Anti-Communist = feared them …
Mein Kampf = …
Nationalist = loved strong …
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NO
 Only 4 MPs in Reichstag (Parliament) 1925
Why did the Nazis take power?
4. A: Were the Nazis ideas popular?
YES
Against Treaty of Versailles
Against Weimar Germany
Anti-semitic = blamed Jews for everything
Anti-Communist = feared them taking wealth
Mein Kampf = Hitler’s book ‘My Struggle’
Nationalist = loved strong Germany
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NO
 Only 4 MPs in Reichstag (Parliament) 1925
Why did the Nazis take power?
5. Q: Did Wall St Crash & Depression help
them?
YES
__________ = US banks and economy collapsed
US wanted ____ back from Germany
So German economy collapsed
(also rest of world)= …
Nazi votes increased dramatically –
Nazis = _____ party in Reichstag
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NO
 Nazis to power 1933 = 4 years later
Why did the Nazis take power?
5. A: Did Wall St Crash & Depression help
them?
YES
1929 Wall St Crash = US banks and economy
collapsed
US wanted loans back from Germany
So German economy collapsed
(also rest of world)= Depression
Nazi votes increased dramatically – 1933 43%
Nazis = largest party in Reichstag
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NO
 Nazis to power 1933 = 4 years later
Why did the Nazis take power?
6. Q: Did politicians give them power?
YES
Nazis never won _______ of vote –43 % 1933
Hitler beaten by ________ – President 1930
2 elections ____, Nazi vote went down a little
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1930 –33 Weimar leaders failed to govern :
Bruning had to use Hindenburg to _______
Von ____ & Von Schliecher also
_______ & _______ planned ‘to control’ Hitler
____ offered him job ______ (+ 1 other ministry)
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Why did the Nazis take power?
6. A: Did politicians give them power?
YES
• Won 37% in 1932 elections = largest party
1933 won 43% - (not majority of vote)
Hitler beaten by Hindenburg – President 1930
2 elections 1932, Nazi vote went down a little
1930 –33 Weimar leaders failed to govern :
Bruning had to use Hindenburg to make laws
Von Papen & Von Schliecher
Hindenburg & Von Papen planned ‘to control’ Hitler
Jan 1933 offered him job Chancellor (+ 1 other
ministry)
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Why did the Nazis take power?
7. Q: Did Hitler outwit the politicians?
YES
Called Election for ____ 19__
________ = excuse to destroy Communists
Rigged election = used …
___% vote
Persuaded ______ parties to support them
______ Act passed
Made Hitler ______= total power to make laws
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Why did the Nazis take power?
7. A: Did Hitler outwit the politicians?
YES
Called General Election for March 1933
Reichstag fire = excuse to destroy Communists
Rigged election = used SA violence
47% vote
Persuaded right wing parties to support them
Enabling Act passed
Made Hitler dictator = total power to make laws
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Why did the Nazis take power?
Give an example so you can
Explain each reason:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Weimar Germany weak
Good leadership
Nazis popular ideas
Nazis well organised
Wall St Crash & Depression
Politicians gave Nazis power
Hitler’s trickery 1933
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
Give an example so you can
Explain each reason:
•
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Dictatorship
Removed opposition
Totalitarian state
Gave Germans good life
Controlled youth
Blamed Jews
Propaganda
But was Resistance
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
1. Q: Dictatorship
 Used Reichstag fire 27th Feb 1933 to
persuade other parties that
Communists were a threat
 Got majority in Reichstag elections by
banning communists 28th Feb 1933
 Then ‘forcing’ other parties to join
them
 Passed Enabling Act March 1933
 Dictatorial Powers= Hitler could make
all laws on his own
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
A: Dictatorship
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1. Used __________ to persuade
other parties that Communists
•
were a threat
•
2. Got majority in Reichstag
elections by …
3. Then ‘forcing’ other parties to …
4. Passed ______Act
5. = Hitler could make all ____ on his
own
Join with
Nazis
Enabling
Banning
communists
laws
Reichstag
fire
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
2. Q: Removed opposition
banned __________
Merged ____ with Nazis
______ Trade Unions
Gleischaultung = _________ = judges,
teachers, police etc had to be Nazis
 SA – ___________ = killed Rohm and Nazi
opposition in ____
 Army...
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How well did the Nazis control Germany?
2. A: Removed opposition
banned Communists
Merged parties with Nazis
Banned Trade Unions
Gleischaultung = co-ordination = judges,
teachers, police, State Governments etc
had to be Nazis
 SA – Night of the Long Knives = killed
Rohm and Nazi opposition in 1934
 Army oath – promised to support him only
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How well did the Nazis control Germany?
3. Q: Totalitarian state
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totalitarian = …
_______ = secret police
Informers =
____ = filled with Nazi judges
__ set up ________ ____ =
prisons for anyone against
Nazis
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
3. A: Totalitarian state
 totalitarian = police state, total
control over your life
 Gestapo = secret police
 Informers = spied on everyone
 Courts = filled with Nazi judges
 SS set up concentration camps
e.g. Dachau = prisons for anyone
against Nazis
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
4. A: Controlled by giving good life
 Gave jobs – ______ in huge works
programme eg …
 Scrapped ________ – no
reparations, left League, re-built
army
 1936 re-entered _______
 1938 Joined with ______
 ____took over Czechoslovakia
 ______ – ‘Strength through Joy’
 Volkswagen – ________
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
4. A: Controlled by giving good life
 Gave jobs – 3 million in huge works
programme eg autobahns & army
 Scrapped Treaty of Versailles – no
reparations, left League, re-built
army
 1936 re-entered Rhineland
 1938 Joined with Austria
 1938 took over Czechoslovakia
 Holidays – ‘Strength through Joy’
 Volkswagen – ‘People’s Car’
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
5. Q: Controlled youth
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__________ = brainwashing
Schools – taught …
Eg Biology – Jews shown as …
Eg History – …
Youth organisations = …
Taught boys =
Taught girls =
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
5. A: Controlled youth
 propaganda = brainwashing
 Schools – taught Nazi ideas
 Eg Biology – Jews shown as subhuman
 Eg History – German History
rewritten
 Youth organisations = Hitler
Youth, League of German
Maidens = 1939 compulsory
 Taught boys = soldiers
 Taught girls = mothers
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
6. Q: Blamed Jews for problems
________ = anti-Jew racism
_____ = perfect blonde German
____ seen as - sub-human
1933 boycott =
1935 Nuremburg laws =
1938 _________ = Jewish
property destroyed
 19__ ‘Final solution’ = mass
murder of Jews
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How well did the Nazis control Germany?
6. A: Blamed Jews for problems
Anti-semitism = anti-Jew racism
Aryan = perfect blonde German
Jews seen as - sub-human
1933 boycott = avoid Jewish
shops
 1935 Nuremburg laws = banned
inter-marriage, citizenship
 Nov 1938 Kristallnacht = Jewish
property destroyed
 1942 ‘Final solution’ = mass
murder of Jews

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
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
7. Q: Propaganda
Propaganda =
Minister in charge =
Used –
Radio – given out cheap, but…
_______ = cut out anything
against Nazis
 1936 ______ – demonstrated
how great Germany was to world
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How well did the Nazis control Germany?
7. A: Propaganda
Propaganda = brainwashing
Minister in charge = Goebbels
Used - posters, films
Radio – given out cheap, but only
tunable to Nazi radio
 Censorship = cut out anything
against Nazis
 1936 Olympics – demonstrated
how great Germany was to world
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How well did the Nazis control Germany?
8. Q: But some resistance from:
 ________ – Red Orchestra group
printed leaflets
 _______ Churches- Pastor
Neimoller spoke out – sent to
prison
 ________ – Cardinal Galen spoke
against killing handicapped
 Youth- ______ university
students printed leaflets
 Passive resistance=
 Army- July 1944 =
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
8. A: But some resistance from:
 Communists – Red Orchestra group
printed leaflets
 Protestant Churches- Pastor Neimoller
spoke out – sent to prison
 Catholic bishops – Cardinal Galen spoke
against killing handicapped
 Youth- White Rose university students
printed leaflets
 Passive resistance- anti-Nazi jokes
popular
 Army- July 1944 bomb plot nearly killed
Hitler
How well did the Nazis control Germany?
Give an example so you can
Explain each reason:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dictatorship
Removed opposition
Totalitarian state
Gave Germans good life
Controlled youth
Blamed Jews
Propaganda
But some Resistance