Transcript Slide 1

JAPANESE AGGRESSION
AMERICAN REACTION
 HAWAII ATTACK BEGAN AT 6:45 AM
 SIMULTANEOUS ATTACKS ON: MALAYA AND
THAILAND, SINGAPORE, HONG KONG (MOST
BRITISH HOLDS); U.S.-RULED PHILLIPINES,
GUAM, WAKE ISLAND, MIDWAY
 NEWS REACHED D.C. AT 2:00 est.
 ATTACK SITE (PEARL HARBOR) 4,000 MILES FROM
JAPAN’S MAIN FLEET BASES
 ELEMENT OF SURPRISE SECURED VICTORY
 SEVEN OF EIGHT U.S. PACIFIC FLEET SHIPS IN
HARBOR “BATTLESHIP ROW” – CALIFORNIA,
MARYLAND, OKLAHOMA, TENNESSEE, WEST
VIRGINIA, ARIZONA, AND NEVADA;
PENNSYLVANIA ACROSS HARBOR ON DRY DOCK
 CLOUDS PARTED FOR JAPANESE AS ATTACK
ENSUED
 PRE-ARRANGED VICTORY SIGNAL SENT TO
NAGUMO “TORA! TORA! TORA! (TIGER! TIGER!
TIGER!)
 MULTIPLE WARNINGS IGNORED BY AMERICANS
USS ARIZONA BURNING AFTER JAPANESE ATTACK
ARIZONA
SINKING
PILLARS
OF
SMOKE
CAUSED
BY OIL
BURNIN
G ON
WATER
BATTLESHIP ROW AFTER ATTACK
NAVAL HOSPITAL GROUNDS PEARL
HARBOR
Great website:
http://www.pearlharborsurvivorsonline.org/html/The%20Attack.htm
 REAR ADMIRAL ISOROKU
YAMAMOTO (1884-1943)
 ATTENDED HARVARD
 NAVAL ATTACHE’ IN
WASHINGTON
 1939 – APPOINTED
COMMANDER IN CHIEF
OF JAPANESE COMBINED
FLEET
 PEARL HARBOR HIS IDEA
 PLANE SHOT DOWN ON
APRIL 18, 1943 IN S. PACIFIC
 LED PEARL HARBOR RAID
 RELUCTANTLY ACCEPTED
YAMAMOTO’S IDEA
 “IF ONLY I HAD BEEN
MORE FIRM AND
REFUSED”
 PLAGUED W/ ANXIETY EN
ROUTE TO HAWAII
 STORMS AND FOGS
PURSUED THE FLEET;
COMPLETE RADIO
SILENCE IMPOSSIBLE
 COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF- PACIFIC FLEET
 AT HOME ON MAKALAPA HILL OVERLOOKING
PEARL HARBOR ON MORNING OF ATTACK
 ON PHONE W/ COMMANDER MURPHY (FINALLY
CALLED KIMMEL 1 HR. AFTER EVENTS BEGAN TO
UNFOLD…TOO LATE)
 KIMMEL REACHED HEADQUARTERS; WATCHED
ATTACK OUT WINDOW; KNOCKED OFF FEET BY
SPENT BULLET THROUGH WINDOW; PUT IT IN
HIS POCKET “IT WOULD HAVE BEEN MERCIFUL
HAD IT KILLED ME”
Both men
dismissed
from
positions
shortly
after
Pearl
Harbor
attack
Admiral Husband Kimmel - 4-star admiral for the U.S.
Navy. Commander-in-chief of U.S. Pacific Fleet at the
time of Japanese attack and because of attack he was
demoted to 2-star admiral.
General Walter C. Short Lieutenant General in U.S.
Army in the U.S. Military. He was responsible for
defense of military installations in Hawaii at the time of
the Attack.
 FDR’S
SPEECH:
http://www.google.com/
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AMERICAN
RHETORIC
TOP 100
SPEECHES
 WITHIN FEW HOURS, W/O DECLARATION OF WAR
JAPANESE EMPIRE
 DESTROYED >500 British/American aircraft (out of 1,000)
 SUNK/DAMANGED All 8 Battleships in US Pacific Fleet
 GAINED Control of skies and seas across ¼ EARTH
 WITHIN 5 MONTHS, JAPANESE CONTROL WOULD
EXTEND TO SPAN FROM BORDERS OF INDIA TO
CENTRAL PACIFIC; FROM ALASKA’S SHORES TO SEAS
OF AUSTRALIA’S NORTHERN COAST
 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAP OF EVENT AND
PRIMARY SOURCES:
http://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/pearlharbor/ax/frameset.html
 2,400 DEAD OR MISSING (68 CIVILIANS)
 1,178 WOUNDED
 FINAL WAVE OF ATTACK CALLED OFF; SOME SAY
JAPANESE COULD HAVE ADVANCED ALL THE WAY
TO MISSISSIPPI RIVER W/O SUBSTANTIAL
OPPOSITION
 ULTIMATELY, BATTLE OF MIDWAY TURNING
POINT IN PACIFIC THEATER
 JAPAN’S NEVER-SURRENDER MENTALITY LED TO
DROPPING OF ATOMIC BOMBS AT HIROSHIMA
AND NAGASAKI
 “THE MOST DIFFICULT AND COMPLICATED
OPERATION EVER TO TAKE PLACE” --CHURCHILL
 “THE DESTRUCTION OF THE ENEMY’S LAND IS
THE SOLE DECISIVE FACTOR IN THE WHOLE
CONDUCT OF THE WAR AND HENCE IN ITS FINAL
RESULTS” --HITLER
 “THE HISTORY OF WAR DOES NOT KNOW OF AN
UNDERTAKING COMPARABLE TO IT FOR
BREADTH OF CONCEPTION, GRADEUR OF SCALE,
AND MASTERY OF EXECUTION” --STALIN
“GOOD LUCK! AND LET US ALL BESEECH THE
BLESSING OF ALMIGHTY GOD UPON THIS
GREAT AND NOBLE UNDERTAKING” --DWIGHT
D. EISENHOWER, ORDER OF THE DAY, JUNE 4,
1944
“IN THIS COLUMN I WANT TO TELL YOU WHAT
THE OPENING OF THE SECOND FRONT
ENTAILED, SO THAT YOU CAN KNOW AND
APPRECIATE AND FOREVER BE HUMBLY
GRATEFUL TO THOSE BOTH DEAD AND ALIVE
WHO DID IT FOR YOU” --ERNIE PYLE, JUNE 12,
1944
 SEASICK
 SALT STAINS CRUSTED MEN’S CLOTHES AND





EQUIPMENT
VOMIT AROUND FEET
HIGGINS BOATS (LCI – LANDING CRAFT
INFANTRY)
PARACHUTERS – AIRBORNE NIGHT ATTACK
NAVAL, AIR BOMBARDMENT
FOLLOWED BY LANDINGS OF MEN, EQUIPMENT
 BEACHES:
 GOLD, SWORD, JUNO, OMAHA, UTAH
 BRITISH, AMERICAN, AUSTRLIAN, CANADIAN
TROOPS
 ERWIN ROMMEL V. DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
(COMMANDER ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE)
 D-DAY: U.S. ARMY VIDEO & PRIMARY SOURCE:
http://www.army.mil/d-day/index.html
TARGET: MAINLAND EUROPE
 ROMMEL ABSENT FROM SCENE
 HITLER IN COMPLETE CONTROL OF PANZERS—
SLEPT TIL NOON ON D-DAY
 ALLIED SUCCESS
 SURPRISE ACHIEVED
 NO COUNTERATTACK PLANS
 CONFUSION REIGNED
 GERMAN COMMAND STRUCTURE DISASTER
V-E DAY
(VICTORY IN
EUROPE)
 May 8, 1945
V-J DAY (VICTORY OVER JAPAN)
 2 SEPT.
1945
SURRENDER ON THE USS MISSOURI