Transcript Chapter 16 Section 1 - East Lycoming School District

Dictators Threaten
World Peace
Failures of the World War I Peace
Settlement
• Treaty of Versailles
did not create a “just
and secure peace”
• Germans didn’t think
it was fair-blamed
them for 100% of war
Failures of the World War I Peace
Settlement
• Soviets lose some
territories to create
Poland, Finland,
Estonia, Lithuania,
and Latvia
Failures of the World War I Peace
Settlement
• Did not make world
safe for democracy
• Democracies in
Germany, Austria,
Czechoslovakia,
Bulgaria, Romania,
and Greece were
weak
• No democratic
tradition
Failures of the World War I Peace
Settlement
• Some democracies collapsed and dictators
seized power
Joseph Stalin Transforms the
Soviet Union
• Takes power in Soviet
Union in 1924
• Iron willed-nothing
would stand in his
way
Joseph Stalin Transforms the
Soviet Union
• Began industrial and
agricultural
restructuring
Joseph Stalin Transforms the
Soviet Union
• Began reforming
Russia in 1927
• Stamped out private
enterprise
Joseph Stalin Transforms the
Soviet Union
• Human cost to plan
amazing
• Soviet Union turned
into a massive police
state
• Anyone who criticized
was arrested/sent to a
forced labor
camp/killed
Now You See Him…
Joseph Stalin Transforms the
Soviet Union
• 1930’s-Stalin purged
his own party
• Labeled “enemies of
the state” and
executed
• Stalin responsible for
the deaths of
approximately 8 to 13
million people
Rise of Fascism in Italy
• Benito Mussolini
establishing a
totalitarian regime in
Italy
• Wanted to make Italy
a great power in the
world
Rise of Fascism in Italy
• Unlike Stalin
– Did not try to control
farms and factories
Many in Italy feared
Communism
So they supported
Fascism instead
Rise of Fascism in Italy
• 1921-Mussolini
created Fascist party
• 1922- Mussolini
stages march on
Rome with many of
his Blackshirt
followers
Rise of Fascism in Italy
• Called himself Il Duce
or The Chief
• Extended Fascist
control over every
aspect of Italian life
The Nazis Take Over Germany
• Adolf Hitler-rise to
power similar to
Mussolini
The Nazis Take Over Germany
• Hitler soon became
the party’s leader…or
fuhrer
• Laid out beliefs of
Nazism in Mein
Kampf
The Nazis Take Over Germany
• Born in Austriadreamed of uniting all
German speaking
people
The Nazis Take Over Germany
• Inferior races-Jews,
Slavs, and nonwhites,
were fit only to serve
the Aryans
The Nazis Take Over Germany
• Nazis sought national
expansion
• Hitler believed
Germany needed
more lebensraum
The Nazis Take Over Germany
• Great Depression
helped Nazis come to
power
• 1932-6 million
Germans unemployed
• Many saw Hitler as
their last hope
The Nazis Take Over Germany
• Quickly dismantled
Germany’s
democratic Weimar
Republic
Militarists Gain Control in Japan
• Military leaders
attempting to gain
control of Japan
Militarists Gain Control in Japan
• Japanese controlled
Manchuria within
months
– Resource rich area
– Size of Alaska
Militarists Gain Control in Japan
• League of Nations
investigated the
situation
• Report condemned
Japan
Aggression in Europe
• European Dictators
noticed League of
Nation’s failure to act
Aggression in Europe
• 1936-Hitler remilitarizes Rhineland
• Signs Rome-Berlin
Pact- creates formal
alliance between
Germany and Italy
Aggression in Europe
• Mussolini begins
building new Roman
Empire
• 1935-Italy conquers
Ethiopia
Aggression in Europe
• Haile Selassie-ousted
Ethiopian Emperor
– Appealed to League
for help
– Nothing was done
– He tells League “It is
us today, it will be you
tomorrow.”
U.S. Clings to Isolationism
• America determined
to avoid war
U.S. Clings to Isolationism
• 1935- Congress
passes Neutrality
Act- to keep U.S. out
of wars
Neutrality Breaks Down
• Spanish Civil War
• Fascists led by
Francisco Franco vs.
elected govmt.
Neutrality Breaks Down
• Hitler and Mussolini
saw Spanish Civil
War as practice for
their military
Neutrality Breaks Down
• Japan launches new
attacks against China
in 1937
• Japan had never
declared war on
China
• FDR refused to
enforce neutrality
legislation
• U.S. sent aid to China
• FDR against
isolationism