Transcript Slide 1

War in Europe
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Josef Stalin
Adolf Hitler
Benito Mussolini
Neville Chamberlain
Appeasement
Non-Aggression Pact
Sudetenland
Blitzkrieg
 Charles DeGualle
 Battle of Britain
 Battle of Dunkirk
New Leaders in Europe
 Josef Stalin
 Communism
 Leader of U.S.S.R
 Totalitarianism
 Gov’t has complete control over its citizens
 Benito Mussolini
 Fascism
 Leader of Italy
 Stressed nationalism and placed
the needs of the state above those
of the individual
 Power rested with a single strong
leader and a group of devoted party leaders
More new leaders
 Adolf Hitler
 Leader of Germany
 Nazi
 Extreme form of fascism
 Powerful public speaker
 Called himself “der fuher” the leader
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Wrote Mien Kampf (My Struggle)
Wanted racial purification to an Aryan race
Took control of Germany in 1932
Established the “Third Reich” Third Empire
Hitler’s Aggression
 Part of Nazi plan was expansionism
 Hitler invaded and took over Austria in
1937
 Also charged that the Czechs were
abusing the German speaking people of
the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia
 Also wanted to expand Germany’s control
and resources
Sudetenland
 France and Great Britain offered to protect CZ.
 Neville Chamberlain was P.M. of G.B.
 A conference was called by Hitler to solve the
situation
 French premier and Chamberlain were invited
to Munich
 Hitler said that the Sudetenland would be his
last territorial demand
Appeasement
 Signed “Munich Agreement” Sept. 20, 1938
 Turned Sudetenland over to Germany
 Chamberlain came home and pronounced that
he had achieved “peace in our time”.
 Winston Churchill
 Chamberlain’s political rival in parliament
 Believed that Chamberlain had appeased Hitler
 “Britain had to choose between war and dishonor.
They chose dishonor.”
 Believed that Hitler would want more-He was right
Poland
 Once CZ was conquered, Hitler moved against
Poland
 Most believed that Hitler was bluffing
 Might begin a war with Soviets, French, and British
 Wouldn’t risk a two front war
 Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler
in 1939
 Secret vow was to split Poland between them
Blitzkrieg
 Blitzkrieg in Poland
 “Lightning War”
 Stage 1 “Stuka”
 Attacks by the Luftwaffe to destroy communications
and instill shock
 Stage 2
 Infantry and tanks
 France and G.B. declared war two days
after Poland was invaded
Defenses
 The Nazis had control of Poland in three weeks
 Allies were not able to set up defenses that quickly
 France and Britain set up defenses in Eastern
France
 Some newspapers called it a “Phony War”
 No fighting was going on
 Stalin annexed Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania
and began to take over Finland in late 1939
 Chamberlain was replaced as P.M. by Winston
Churchill
War Expansion
 Hitler launched an invasion of Denmark
and Norway in April 1940
 Needed bases to attack G.B.
 The Netherlands, Belgium, and
Luxembourg were next on Hitler’s hit list
 End of the phony war
Battle of Dunkirk
 Germans went around the Maginot Line
from Belgium into France
 Pushed French and British troops to Dunkirk
400,000 troops
 Could have crushed the French and British
forces
 They were trapped by the sea
Battle of Dunkirk cont.
 800 civil. Boats transported 330,000
French, British, and Belgians
 Italy entered the war a few days later
France
 Italy began taking Southern France
 Germans pushed into Paris
 Nazis controlled Northern France
 Puppet gov’t was set up in France
 “Vichy Government” set up in the south
 Gen. Charles DeGualle fled France after
it fell
 Set up a gov’t in exile in England
Battle of Britain
 “The Blitz”
 Only way Germany had to attack Britain was by
air
 Luftwaffe began bombing runs over Britain
 Tried to destroy R.A.F.
 2000 German planes bombed London for two
months
 R.A.F became stronger with help of radar and
a strong defensive system