Transcript Chapter 05 - Nutrition

Nutrition
Chapter 5
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Nutrition
• Nutrition
• Diet
– Healthy body needs
good nutrition
– Manner in which foods
are used
– Malnutrition
– Obesity
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My Plate
Courtesy of USDA, choosemyplate.gov
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Nutrients
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Carbohydrates
Fats and lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
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Carbohydrates
• Fruits, grains, and legumes
• Energy increase
• Cariogenic foods
– Breakdown of sugars causes cavities
– Nursing bottle syndrome (NBS)
– Preventative measures
• Fiber
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Fats and Lipids
• Both are insoluble in water
• Fats are derived from a solid
• Lipids are oils from a liquid
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Proteins
• Complete proteins
– Contain all 10 essential amino acids
• Animal proteins
– Eggs, milk, and meat
• Incomplete proteins
– Contain less than 10 amino acids
• Vegetables and grains
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Fat-Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin A
– Carotene versus retinol
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin K
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Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin C
• Deficiency (Vitamin C)
– Prevents toothaches
– Holds cells together
– Found in citrus
products
– Improper tooth
development
– Ulcerated gums
– Slow healing process
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Water-Soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin B Complex
– Thiamin (B1)
– Riboflavin (B2)
– Niacin (B3)
• Deficiency (Vitamin B)
– Angular Cheilosis
– Glossitis
– Pellagra
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Minerals
• Major
– Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium,
sulfur, magnesium, and chlorine
• Trace
– Copper, chromium, molybdenum, selenium,
manganese, iodine, iron, zinc, cobalt, and
fluorine
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Water
• Most abundant nutrient in body
• Primary functions:
– Acts as solvent for biochemical reactions
– Removes toxic waste from body
• Must be replenished daily
– Eight glasses per day recommended
– Coffee and alcohol are diuretics
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Dental Check
• Which nutrient is potentially cariogenic?
– Carbohydrates
• What are some examples of this nutrient?
– Fruits, grains, and some legumes
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Balancing Energy
• Calories
• Metabolism
– Metabolic rate
• Relationship of calories consumed to calories
energized
– Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
• Energy used when person is at rest
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Nutrition Labels
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Standardized format
Ingredients
Serving size
Calories
Nutrients
Preservatives
Organic
Courtesy of the FDA
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Eating Disorders
• Chronic dieting syndrome
• Bulimia
• Anorexia nervosa
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Chronic Dieting Syndrome
• Characteristics:
– Large fluctuations in weight
– Compulsive overeating
– Use of dieting pills
• Complications:
– Chemical imbalances
– High anxiety levels
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Bulimia
• Characteristics:
– Secretive and obsessive
– Binge eating followed by vomiting
– Laxative abuse
– Excessive exercise
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Bulimia
• Complications in oral cavity:
– Tooth enamel erosion
– Sensitivity to hot and cold
– Swollen and tender saliva glands
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Anorexia Nervosa
• Characteristics:
– Extreme aversion to food
– Eating perceived as punishment
– Food obsessions
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Anorexia Nervosa
• Complications in oral cavity:
– Tooth enamel erosion
– Unhealthy gums
– Weak teeth
– Rapid decay
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Dental Check
• What might the dental assistant observe
during an examination that may indicate a
patient has an eating disorder?
– Eroded tooth enamel, sensitivity to hot and
cold, and swollen glands
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Diet, Culture, and Religion
• Variety of foods
– Foods may be unfamiliar
– Be informed when making suggestions
• Variety of backgrounds
– Avoid stereotyping
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