Transcript FDR Signing the Declaration of War against Japan (December

On Sept. 1, 1939 German troops
invade Poland
World War II begins…
World War II
1939-1945
WWII Alliances
What were the major alliances?
• AXIS POWERS
1) Germany
2) Italy
3) Japan
Tripartite
Pact
• ALLIED POWERS
1) Britain
2) France
Russia enters when Hitler
violates Non-Aggression Pact
(1941)!
United States declares
neutrality until 1941
Nazi Europe ~ 1942
Why contributed to Nazi success?
• Blitzkrieg
– Lightning War
– air and ground warfare (coordinated
w/great speed!)
Battle of Britain: "The Battle of France is over. I
expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin...”
“We shall fight on the
beaches, we shall fight on
the landing grounds, we
shall fight in the fields
and in the streets, we shall
fight in the hills. We shall
never surrender.”
- Winston Churchill, June ‘40
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Lend-Lease Act
March, 1941
The Great Arsenal of
Democracy
"Suppose my neighbor's home
catches fire, and I have a
length of garden hose four or
five hundred feet away. If he
can take my garden hose and
connect it up with his hydrant,
I may help him to put out his
fire...I don't say to him before
that operation, "Neighbor, my
garden hose cost me $15; you
have to pay me $15 for it."... I
don't want $15--I want my
garden hose back after the fire
is over. "
The London Blitz - 1940
• ______________ dropped from Sept – May
(35,000 tons)
• 11 consecutive weeks (London)
• 37,000 die; 87,000 injured
How was life affected?
____________________Shelters
At a London railway station, arriving troops pass by
children who are being evacuated to the countryside.
Firefighters at work in a bomb damaged street after
a Sat. night raid in 1941.
Blackouts/Destruction (2 million houses)
The British need
something…
_______________!
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Europe 1942?
World War II Turning Points:
1. Operation
Barbarossa (6/’41)
2. Pearl Harbor
(12/7/’41)
3. D-Day
(6/’44)
A Nazi Setback: The Invasion of Russia (6/1941):
Non-aggression pact?
1. Operation Barbarossa (largest
military operation in history!)
a. 1 MILLION Soviets die in
defense of city
Why were they defeated?
a. Germans underestimated Russian
(Communist) strength, size, climate
b. German confidence in victory did
not prepare supply lines for the
winter
i. Tanks lack anti-freeze; couldn’t move!
ii. Scorched-Earth policy; similar to
Napoleon; German troops retreat
“Death to the German Occupiers”
Pearl Harbor
(12.7.41)
WAR IN
THE
PACIFIC
F.D.R.
(12.8.41)
• U.S. signs Declaration of War against Japan
• Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S.
Effects of the A-Bomb:
• Hiroshima (Aug 6, 1945)
70,000 die immediately
100,000’s die from radiation
48,000 buildings destroyed
• Nagasaki
Aug 9, 1945
40,000 die immediately
60,000 injured
100,000’s die from radiation
Col. Paul Tibbets &
the A-Bomb
V-J Day – Times Square
Aug 14, ’45 –
Japanese
surrender
The Butterfly
The last, the very last,
So richly, brightly, dazzlingly yellow.
Perhaps if the sun’s tears would sing
against a white stone....
For seven weeks I’ve
lived in here,
Penned up inside this
ghetto.
But I have found what I
love here.
The dandelions call to
me
And the white chestnut
branches in the court.
Only I never saw
another butterfly.
That butterfly was the last one.
Butterflies don’t live in here, in
the ghetto.
Such, such a yellow
Is carried lightly ’way
up high.
It went away I’m sure
because it wished
to kiss the world goodbye.
What was the significance of D-Day?
June 6, 1944
1. Allied troops
fight the Nazis
on the beaches
of Normandy,
France
2. Forces
Germany to
fight war on 2fronts
3. Allies
advance East
http://www.army.mil/d-day/index.html
APRIL 28, 1945
• Mussolini & mistress
shot/hung
• Put on public display
(Milan)
APRIL 30, 1945
• Hitler commits suicide
• May 7, 1945 Germany
surrenders
“V-E Day”
May 8, 1945
Londoners Celebrate!
U.S. Marines on Mount Surbachi, Iwo Jima
Feb 1945
Joint proclamations by US and Britain
1. Atlantic
Charter
(Aug,’41)
2. Declaration
by the United
Nations
(Jan, ’42)
Global II Announcements:
1. World War II Exam – Thurs.
2. Night of Remembrance – Wed., 4/18
a. MASSIVE EXTRA CREDIT
3. Scrapbook Page – Fri., 4/20
The Aftermath of War
What do we do now?
What issues need to be dealt with?
1. Future Peace
2. Dealing with the “losers”
3. Dealing with the Holocaust
4. New Issues
1. Future Peace
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set
forth in this declaration, without distinction of any kind…
Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel,
inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest…
Article 13: Everyone has the right to leave any country, including
his own, and to return to his country.
Article 18: Everyone has the right to freedom of thought/religion
Article 20: Everyone has the right to freedom of assembly
Article 21: Everyone has the right to take part in the government
of his country…— United Nations, December 10, 1948
1. Future Peace
What is
the main
idea of the
cartoon?
2. LOSERS
What do we do with Germany?
EAST
GERMANY
(SOVIET
CONTROL)
WEST
GERMANY
(British,
French, U.S.
control)
Russian
Buffer
Zone?
2. LOSERS
Post WWII ~ Economic Recoveries
U.S. Financial
Support
JAPAN
(Democratic Parliament)
West
Germany
In Nazi Germany, what percentage of the
people were Perpetrators, Bystanders, &
Rescuers? (take a guess)
Rescuers - 4%
*Approximate
Values
Perpetrators – 9%
Bystanders – 85%
"First They Came for the Jews"
By Pastor Niemoller
First they came for the Jews and I did not speak
out because I was not a Jew.
Then they came for the Communists and I did not
speak out because I was not a Communist.
Then they came for the trade unionists and I did
not speak out because I was not a trade unionist.
Then they came for me and there was no one left
to speak out for me.
3. Holocaust
The Holocaust: Liberation
What issues must surviving victims face?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Displaced persons
Broken families
Health
Trauma
Reconciliation
Justice
Nuremberg War Crimes Trials
Nov., ‘45
A)
4. New Issues
Increase in
Nationalism
(why?)
INDIA
AFRICA
Spread of
Communism
B)
Nuclear
Proliferation
4. New Issues