Transcript HI031: UNIT 1 AOS1

HHS Year 10 History
THE HOLOCAUST
The Final Solution
Today:
1. Ghettoization
2. Labour Camps
3. Concentration Camps/Death Camps
The Holocaust: Generally speaking
• World War 2.
STARTS: September 1, 1939 (Germany invades Poland)
ENDS: May 8, 1945
• While occurring more or less around the same time as the war, the holocaust
was a distinct series of events in its own right.
• When did it begin? Various perspectives:
1. 1933 – Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
2. 1935 – Passing of the Laws
3. 1938 – The Night of Broken Glass
When did it end?
• With the liberation of the concentration camp s towards the end of the war.
- This took many months, beginning July 1944. Why? There were so many
concentration camps all over Europe (we’ll see this later)
• holocaust literally means burnt whole, from latin words hol (whole) + kaustos
(burnt).
What actually happened?
• The holocaust had a number of ‘stages’, which
was refered to as the ‘final solution’ by the Nazis.
From 1933, Jews were increasingly persecuted economically, socially and politically.
However, since the Holocaust affected millions of more Jews throughout Europe, the
first stage is usually regarded as beginning when Jews outside of Germany began to
suffer persecution at the hands of Nazi Germany, following the outbreak of World War Two.
1.
2.
3.
Ghettoization and labelling of Jews, commencing in 1939
Concentration camps
Extermination camps
PLEASE NOTE: these ‘stages’ did not occur in distinct periods of time, and one stage
didn’t begin when one was finished. There was considerable overlap.
Nevertheless, this is a useful way to view and learn about what happened during
the Holocaust.
Ghettoization and labelling of Jews
• After the conquest of Poland, Nazi Germany was in control of
3.2 million Polish Jews. These Jews were forced to wear
distinct badges identifying them as such.
• Ghettos: established by Nazis. Areas in which Jews were
forced to live.
• Separated by fences and gates from the surrounding city, and
were usually in the poorer parts of major cities and towns.
• More established as Nazi Germany conquered Poland and
Eastern Europe.
• Jews were forced to relocate from the countryside, or
wherever they lived, to these ghettos.
• Many ghettos had small workshops or factories where Jews
worked producing various goods needed by Nazi Germany,
particularly for the war effort.
Concentration camps
• Concentration camps were detention centres, some small,
others vast, which included transit camps, labour camps and
extermination camps.
• The first concentration camp was Dachau, in Germany,
established in 1933 for Hitler’s political opposition.
• As Nazi Germany conquered Poland and Eastern Europe,
France and most of Western Europe, millions of Jews were
now under German domination.
• Concentration camps were built in which Jews, along with
other minority groups, were imprisoned, used as slave
labourers, and murdered.
Extermination camps
• Six camps: Treblinka, Auschwitz, Poniatowa, Sobibor,
Chelmno, Majdenik.
• Had the primary purpose of murdering Jews, were located in
Poland.
• The largest, Auschwitz, included labour camps as well as the
death
as Auschwitz
II, orbyAuschwitz-Birkenau.
Over camp
6 millionknown
Jewish people
were murdered
the end of World War II
• Many thousands of other camps were located throughout
Europe
• Jews were murdered by gassing in gas vans, gas chambers,
shootings and beatings. Other minorities who suffered in such
camps were Poles, prisoners of war, Sinti and Roma (‘gypsies’),
homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and communists, amongst
others.
How did they manage this?
• Jewish people rounded up from Ghettos or from the streets of
cities and towns as the Nazis invaded
• Transported (predominantly by train) to concentration camps
Getting on
Arriving....