Transcript Nazi Germany: 1933-1945 - Calvary Lutheran School

Nazi Germany: 1933-1945
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Treaty of Versailles
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Rhineland - 1936
Austria – Anschluss -1938
Sudetenland - Czech - 1938
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Czech Refusal – Threat of War
Munich Conference
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September, 1938
France, Great Britain,
Germany
Appeasement: Sudetenland
give to Germany
Chamberlain and Churchill
German Expansion 1936-38
Nazi Aggression Continues
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Czechoslovakia - 1939
Demand for Danzig
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European Response
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Germany City prior to WWI
Great Britain & France
Pledge to defend Poland
Nonaggression Pact
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Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
Germany and Soviet Union
August, 1939
Secret Agreement - Poland
Word War II: 1939
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Invasion of Poland
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September 1, 1939
German Pre-text
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Blitzkrieg
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“Lightening War”
War Declared
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Allies: Great Britain
& France
September 3, 1939
Blitzkrieg in Poland
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Results
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Polish Defenses Overwhelmed
Danzig falls on Sept. 7
Warsaw Capitulates Sept. 28
Opposition Ends on Oct. 6
65,000 Polish Troops Killed
100,000s Wounded/Captured
Phony War
German Conquests Grow
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British & French Mobilize
German Conquests
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Churchill
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Denmark – April 1940
Norway – April 1940
Belgium, Luxembourg,
Netherlands – May 1940
Prime Minister
May 10, 1940
France Threatened
France & the Maginot Line
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French Defense
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Maginot Line
Static Defense
Hinges on Luxembourg &
Belgium
Fort Eban Emael – Belgium
French Invasion
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May 10 – May 22, 1940
Advance through Ardennes
Bypass Maginot Line
British Expeditionary Force
Maginot Line
Rescue at Dunkirk
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May 26 - June 3, 1940
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Operation Dynamo
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British and French Forces
Halt of German Panzers
Role of Luftwaffe
Rescue of Allied Forces
200,000 British troops
140,000 French troops
Great Britain
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Last European Democracy
Dunkirk
"We must be very careful not to assign to this
deliverance the attributes of a victory. Wars
are not won by evacuations.“ Winston
Churchill
France Defeated
Occupied France
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Occupied France
Vichy France
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Marshall Petain
Collaboration
French Navy
French Resistance
Free French
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Eventually 400,000
General De Gaulle
De Gaulle and Petain
The German Reich: 1940
The Battle of Britain
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July 10 – Oct. 31, 1940
Prelude to Russia
Operation Sea Lion
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Planned Invasion of Great
Britain
Sea-based Invasion
Control of English Channel
Airpower
Luftwaffe & RAF
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Air Supremacy
Battle of Britain
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Battle for Air Supremacy
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Luftwaffe
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Over Great Britain
Over English Channel
Herman Goering
Air Attacks & Bombing
The “Blitz” – Cities
Great Britain
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Role of RADAR
Role of RAF
Retaining Pilots
Battle of Britain
“Never in the field of human conflict was
so much owed by so many to so few.”
Winston Churchill
The “Blitz”
60,000 Killed
87,000 Injured
2 Million Homes Destroyed
America’s Response
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Disarmament after WWI
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Depression
Avoidance of European
Conflicts
Opposition to Germany
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1939 – 18th in Military Power
Fascism
Anti-Semitism
German Aggression
Awe at Germany
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Charles Lindbergh
Joseph Kennedy
“The Arsenal of Democracy”
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Roosevelt Administration
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“Cash and Carry” 1939
50 Destroyers
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Election of 1940
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99-Year Naval Leases
Roosevelt vs. Willkie
Isolationist Campaign
Lend-Lease Act - 1941
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7 Billion in Weapons &
Supplies
Extension to Soviet Union
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Barbarossa: Sept. 22, 1941
Battle of the Atlantic
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German Strategy
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Initial Success
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Cut off British Supplies
Attack All Shipping
“Wolfpacks”
200 Ships Sunk – June
1940
Allied Strategies
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Convoy System
“Escorts”
Intelligence
Ship Production
Battle of the Atlantic
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Allied Cost of Battle
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30,000 Merchant Seamen
2,200 Merchant Ships
100 Allied Naval Vessels
Over 600 Allied Aircraft
3 Million Tons of Shipping
German Cost of Battle
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510 U-Boats (2/3rds)
18,000 U-Boat Men
U-505
The Atlantic Charter
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August 1941
American Neutrality
Newfoundland
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War Aims
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Churchill
Roosevelt
Self-Determination
Peace
Europe First Strategy
Japanese in the Pacific
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Japanese Expansion
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Natural Resources
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Nationalism
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“Greater East Asia CoProsperity Sphere”
Tripartite Pact
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China and Manchuria
September 26, 1940
Germany, Japan, Italy
Axis Nations
Role of Military
Role or Emperor
America and Japan
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Japanese Seizure of
French Indochina
American Response
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Free Japanese Assets
Block Sale of Oil and Iron
Demand Evacuation of
China and Indochina
Japanese Response
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U.S. as Threat in Pacific
Diplomacy
Eliminate U.S. Pacific Fleet
Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941
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Failed Negotiations
No Declaration of War
Admiral Yamamoto’s Plan
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Surprise Attack
Shallow Running Torpedoes
Midget Submarines
Destroy Pacific Fleet
Give Japan Time
Break American Will
Attack on the Philippines
Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor: Results
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U.S. Losses
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U.S. Reaction
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18 Ships Sunk or Damaged
170 Aircraft Destroyed
3,700 Casualties
Panic on East Coast
Anger
Declaration of War
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December 8, 1941
“Will live in infamy”
Japanese Expansion
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December 8, 1941
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December 10
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Wake Island Landing
December 12
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Guam Attacked
December 11
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Philippines Attacked
Luzon Landing
December 13
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Hong Kong
Fall of the Philippines
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22,000 American Troops
Lack of Supplies
Fighting
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Retreat to Corregidor
Recall of Gen. McArthur
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March 1942
“I shall return”
U.S. Surrender
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April 10, 1942
General Wainwright
11,000 U.S. Troops
Bataan Death March
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Bushido
Geneva Convention
Over 600 Deaths
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70,000 Prisoners
10,000 Deaths
Camp O’Donnel
Cabanatuan
America’s Response
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Striking Back at Japan
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American Morale
Logistical Problems
Doolittle's Raiders
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80 Men
16 B-25 Bombers
Losses
Morale Boost
Doolittle Raid: April, 1942
The Home Front
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Mobilization
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1940 Selective Training &
Service Act
1st Peacetime Draft
21-35 18-45
15 Million Americans Serve
Segregation
Wartime Economy
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Manufacturing
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Arsenal of Democracy
Factory Jobs – Pay
North & Midwest
War Production Board
Office of War Mobilization
Citizens
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Scrap Drives
Rationing
Office of War Information
Taxes – Middle & Lower
Classes
War Bonds
The War in Europe & Africa
A Desperate Situation
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Late 1941
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Battle of the Atlantic
Nazi Advances:
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Post Pearl Harbor
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Churchill & Roosevelt
Reaffirm Atlantic Charter
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Greece
Yugoslavia
Soviet Union
North Africa
Germany 1st
Soviet Union & China
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Join Allies in 1942
Soviet Union and China
Taking the War to Germany
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1942
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Battle of the Atlantic
Long-Range Bombing
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Ground Offensive
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Night – RAF – Cities
Day – AAF – Factories
Soviet Needs
Allied Plans
Where & When?
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France
North Africa
• 3.4 Million Tons of Bombs
• 12,000 Heavy Bombers Lost
• Over 100,000 Killed
The Memphis Belle
North Africa
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The Suez Canal
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Sept. 1940
Italian forces attack Egypt
British counter
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German Reinforcement
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Afrika Corps
General Erwin Rommel
“The Desert Fox”
Battle of El Alamein
Operation TORCH
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General Montgomery
“Desert Rats”
Nov. 8, 1942
Afrika Corps Defeated - 1943
TORCH – Nov., 1942
HUSKY – July, 1943
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Invasion of Sicily
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“Soft Underbelly of
Europe”
“Friendly” Losses
General George Patton
Invasion of Italy
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September, 1943
Italian Surrender
German Reaction
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Rescue of Mussolini
German Occupation
Anzio – January, 1944
D-Day: Operation Overlord
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June 6, 1944
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Allied Invasion of Europe
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
Supreme Allied Commander
23,000 Paratroopers
130,000 Landing Troops
195,000 Naval Support
2,000,000 Total Invasion
Force
9000 Casualties – 3000 KIA
Battle of the Bulge
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December 16, 1944
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25 German Divisions
“Last Ditch” Effort
German Push to the Coast
77,000 American Casualties
Bastogne
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101st Airborne
General McAullife
“Nuts”
Battle of the Bulge
VE Day May 8, 1945
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Dresden, Feb. 1945
Operation Varsity
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Berlin
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America or Soviet Union
Soviet Advance to Berlin
Surrender
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Crossing the Rhine
Hitler’s Suicide
The Holocaust
Rebuilding
The “Cold War”
The Holocaust
The Holocaust
The Holocaust
The Pacific Theater
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Fighting in the Pacific
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Admiral Chester Nimitz
Commander of U.S. Navy
General Douglas McArthur
Command of Troops
Breaking Japanese Code
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Battle of the Coral Sea
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Loss of USS Lexington
Battle of Midway
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June 3-6, 1943
4 Japanese Carriers Lost
Island-Hopping
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Strategy
Islands
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Guadalcanal
New Guinea
Gilbert
Mariana
Marshall
Air Fields – Bombing
Submarines
Advance in the Pacific
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Battle of Leyte Gulf
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Island-Hopping
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October 1944
Philippines
McArthur’s Return
Okinawa
Saipan
Iwo Jima
Kamikazes
Manhattan Project
Roosevelt’s Death
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Elected to Four Terms
1933-1945
Vice-President
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Last Days
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Harry S. Truman
Yalta Conference – Feb. 1945
April 12, 1945
Warm Springs, Arkansas
President Truman
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
VJ Day
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August 15, 1945