Transcript World History Standards Packet

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World History Standards Packet
Post-World War I
CHAPTER 15
Tradition
• WWI viewed as a family feud
• “old ways” pushed world into war
Government Instability
• Most countries become democracies after
World War I
• Many democratic governments were
unsuccessful and failed to support their
people
• Political parties fight for control
– Rise of the communist party in Russia, fascist
party in Italy, and Nazi party in Germany
Women
• Roles change:
– women worked during the war
– cut their hair short, smoke, and drink, war makeup, and promote birth control
– 1920: women get the right to vote
Literature
• “All Quiet on the Western Front”
– About the horrors of trench warfare and futility of
World War One
Lost Generation
• Writers were known as the lost generation
because they wrote about themes including
feelings of loss and fear, death destruction,
and despair
• Famous authors:
– Stein, Hemingway, Joyce, Kafka, Fitzgerald
Art
• Artists and writers portray this sense of loss and
confusion in their paintings and writings
• Artists began to paint using obscure styles that
were not created to look like items a person
would see in real life (because artists felt real life
at the time was hard to deal with)
• Dali:
– Known for surrealism: dream-like painting)
– Inspired by Sigmund Freud and his study of dreams
• Picasso:
– known for dadaism (painting with no meaning or
purpose) and cubism (painting using obscure
shapes and geometric figures)
– broke rules to create his art
Russian Revolution
CHAPTER 14
Causes of the Revolution
• Royal Family
– out of touch with the needs of the people
• Involvement in World War I:
– Czar Nicolas loses popularity due to WWI
– Reveals Russia’s weakness- that they had not
industrialized (not enough guns for all soldiers)
– costs Russia too much money
– hardships experienced during Russia’s
participation in World War I will result in the result
in the downfall of the czar
• Bloody Sunday
– people protest against working conditions and low
wages
– Soldiers shoot at protestors, kill hundreds of
unarmed Russian people
• March Revolution
– led by angry women protesting the price of bread
– soldiers ordered to shoot, instead join the women
– Czar abdicates the throne
Bolshevik Revolution
• Lenin and the Bolsheviks (communists) take
control of the government of Russia
• Lenin hoped that the Russian Revolution
would inspire others to start other socialist
rebellions though out Europe
• Causes the Civil War (White vs. Red Army)
Lenin
• Led the Bolshevik Revolution
• Established a communist government in
Russia
• Renamed Russia, the USSR
Totalitarian Methods
• Executes royal family and others against
communism
• Uses concentration camps (aka “Gulags”),
secret police (Checka), terror and censorship
to make people obey him
Stalin’s Rise to Power
• Trotsky, Stalin’s rival, assassinated in Mexico
by Soviet agent
• Puts his supporters in government positions
Economic Policies
• Stalin attempts to industrialize Russia
• 5 Year Plan: involves the use of collective
farms (large farms) and building factories
• Command Economy: all economic decisions
made by government officials (Stalin)
Totalitarian Methods
• Gulag, secret police, censorship (newspapers,
radio, art, music, books, etc.) persecution of
religion, education, torture, starvation,
execution
Ukraine & Human Rights Violations
• Kulaks – middle class farmers
– refused to give up their land
– 2 million were executed or starved to death in an
artificial famine created by Stalin
• Great Purge:
– Stalin purged (killed or jailed) those who opposed
him especially those in the communist party
– Brought deaths to millions of people
Totalitarianism
CHAPTER 15
Rise
Aggression
• Italy invades Ethiopia
Weak king
puts
fascist
• Revenge for Ethiopia
Mussolini in
maintaining its
power
Italy
Use terror
tactics
against
political
opponents
independence by defeating
Italy earlier during late
1800s
• Seeks to prove itself to
Germany
Germany • Hitler rises
using
fascist
economic
depression to
his advantage
• Blames
Germany’s
problems on
Jews and
communists
•
Use terror
tactics against
political
opponents
• seek to build Third Reich
(German empire)
• Lebensraum: living space; idea
used as a reason to conquer
other countries
• Occupies Rhineland, annex
Austria, take Sudetenland, and
seize Czechoslovakia
Japan Emperor • successfully invades
supports
Manchuria
military • Japan invades and occupies
takeover
China
Japan
• Rape of Nanjing – atrocities
& extermination of Chinese
population in Nanjing
• Sought to establish the
Greater East Asia CoProsperity Sphere
World War II
CHAPTER 16
Appeasement
What is it? giving into a potential enemy
(Germany and Italy) in order to keep peace
Who practiced this? Britain & France
When was it used? At the Munich
Conference, Neville Chamberlain, British Prime
Minister, allows Germany to have the
Sudetenland
Isolation
What is it? staying out of foreign wars
Who practiced this? U.S.
Why? U.S. did not want to get involved in
European affairs after WWI
Economic Depression
• Worldwide economic depression.
• German depression used by Nazi’s to gain
power
• Countries not prepared to fight war
– isolation U.S., appeasement France, Britain
Non-Aggression Pact
What is it? an agreement not to fight, also
called Hitler-Stalin Pact
Who signed this?
USSR & Germany
Why? Hitler & Stalin secretly agree to share
Poland
Invasion of Poland
• Event that started World War II
• Britain and France to declare war on Germany
Allied Powers
• Britain, United States of America, Soviet Union
• BUSASU
Axis Powers
• Germany, Italy, Japan (G. I. Japan)
Dunkirk
• Hitler dominates France
• French troops flee from Germans at Dunkirk
on British rescue boats, yachts, and fishing
boats
Battle of Britain
• Hitler attempts to conquer Britain, but he fails
• Why British are successful: radar, enigma, high
British morale
• This battle proved Hitler’s attacks could be
blocked
Pearl Harbor
• Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in
Hawaii
• Pres. Roosevelt called it “A day which will live
in infamy…”
• U.S. enters WWII because of this attack
• U.S. main priority when they enter WWII is to
defeat Germany, then Japan
D-Day
• Allies invade beaches of Northern France
• Liberated France and Belgium
• break through German forces and head onto
Germany
Battle of the Bulge
• Last German offensive
• Allies press in on Germany from the east and
west
Yalta Conference
Attendees: Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill
Main Purpose: restructuring/rebuilding Europe
after World War II
Potsdam Conference
Attendees: Truman, Stalin, Churchill
Main Purpose: restructuring/rebuilding Japan
after World War II
Winston
Churchill
Prime Minister of Great Britain; gave inspiring
speeches
Franklin
Delano
Roosevelt
Emperor
Hirohito
Isoroku
Yamamoto
Adolph Hitler
President of the United States; died before the
end of the war
Emperor of Japan
Japanese naval strategist; planned the attack of
Pearl Harbor
Dictator of Germany; known as “der Fuhrer”
Benito
Mussolini
Italian dictator; known as “Il Duce”
Joseph Stalin
Douglas
MacArthur
Communist dictator of the Soviet Union
Supreme Commander of Allied Troops in the
Pacific; thought up the Island Hopping strategy;
supervised the U.S. Army’s occupation of Japan;
wrote Japanese Constitution
Supreme Commander of Allied Troops in Europe;
D-Day commander;
later became President of U.S.
Dwight D.
Eisenhower
Nuremberg Laws
• started the Holocaust
• laws that systematically stripped the Jews of
their rights
Concentration Camps
• Hitler sent the “undesirable” people to these
camps and death camps
– Included political and war prisoners, communists,
gypsies, Jews, handicapped, ill, and homosexuals
Final Solution
• The goal of killing of all European Jews
(genocide)
Holocaust
• 6 million Jews killed by Hitler
Nuclear Weapons
• Used on Japan by United States to end WWII
• Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• U.S. make the first one
Eastern Europe
• Soviet Union suffered from the most civilian
and military causalities during WWII
• Soviet Union occupied Poland, Czechoslovakia,
and Hungary at the end of WWII
– Known as satellite nations of Soviet Union
– became communist
– Also known as countries “behind the iron curtain”
Recovery of Japan & Germany
• U.S. occupied these countries
• wrote constitutions for them
• U.S. rebuilt their cities, industries, and
economies
Cold War
CHAPTER 17
Cold War
• Soviet Union & US emerge as superpowers
after WWII
• Divide the world –
– US promotes spread of democracy and capitalism
– Soviet Union promotes spread of communism
• Closest came U.S. and Soviet Union came to
nuclear war- Cuban Missile Crisis
Egypt
• U.S. trade embargo – Egypt buys military
supplies from Soviets – Soviets gain influence
in Middle East
Congo
• Control by Belgium – Struggle for Democracy –
Communist uprising
• U.S. CIA leads a coup de etat to overthrow
communist government
Korea
• Containment
• U.S. invades to stop the spread of communism
Vietnam
• Containment
• Domino Theory – If one southeast Asian
country falls to communism, they will all fall.
Truman Doctrine
• U.S. Financial support for countries that reject
communism.
• Greece, Turkey, Africa
Marshall Plan
• Food, machines, materials to rebuild Europe.
Containment
• Contain the spread of communism.
• Leads to U.S. wars in Korea & Vietnam.
Chinese Civil War
•
•
•
•
Chiang Kai-sheck (Jiang Jieshi) – Kuomintang
Mao Zedong (Tsu-Tung) – Communists
Mao takes over Mainland China
Chiang takes over Taiwan
Mao Zedong
• Power concentrated in Communist Party
Mao – Premier (leader)
• Collective farming
• used totalitarian methods to gain control of
China
Great Leap Forward
• 5 year plans
• Builds infrastructure (roads, bridges, railroads,
etc.), industry
• peoples communes
Cultural Revolution
• Red Guard – student militia
• Little Red Book
• radical communism
Tiananmen Square
• Democratic uprising in the 1980s – put down
by red army
Post-Cold War
CHAPTER 18&19
Poland
• Workers strike by group Solidarity led by Lech
Walsea
• Soviet military crushes uprisings
Hungary
• Imre Nagy, democratic leader
• Soviet’s invade
• Nagy executed
Czechoslovakia
• Prague Spring= example of writers protest
• Communist leader replaced by Alexander
Dubcek who does anti-communist reform
• Soviets crush uprising
Middle East (and Southwest Asia)
• Middle East known for oil reserves and ethnic
and religious conflicts
– Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979
• India known for fighting between Muslims and
Hindus
Israel
• Holocaust influences the establishment of a
Jewish State.
• Land is taken from Palestinians to form the
new country.
• Arabs (Moslems) and Israeli’s (Jews) fight
• U.S. and Western Europe support Israel
– Arab’s embargo (refuse to sell) oil to US because
of them supporting Israel
Soviet Union Collapses
• Soviet States seek independence
• War in Afghanistan hurts economy
• Military withdraws from Eastern Europe to
help economy
• Soviet Union falls 1991
United Nations
• Established after WWII
• International peacekeeping organization
• humanitarian organization
UNICEF – children’s fund successful
NATO
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Alliance between U.S. and Western Europe for
military defense
SEATO
• South East Asian Treaty Organization
• Created to stop spread of communism in S.E.
Asia
Warsaw Pact
• Created in reaction to NATO
• Communist Nations alliance