Transcript War in the Pacific Chapter 18, section 4 JAPAN

War in the Pacific
Chapter 18, section 4
JAPAN RULES THE PACIFIC
Japanese victories:
 Pearl Harbor,
 Wake Island,
 Clark Air Force Base,
 Guam,
 The Philippines,
 Hong Kong,
 Singapore,
 Dutch East Indies,
 Malaysian Peninsula
Bataan Death March
 76000 Americans
and Filipinos were
taken prisoner and
forced on the
Bataan Death
March.
 Over 10,000 died
on the march, and
another 15,000
died in captivity.
“I
SHALL
RETURN!”
-Douglas MacArthur, 1942
NEW FORMS OF FIGHTING
• *Jungle Terrain
• *Amphibious
Landings
• *Naval Power/Air
Power
• *Up against the
philosophy of
BUSHIDO (fight
to the death) and
SEPUKKU (death
before surrender)
BATTLE OF CORAL SEA
• *IMPORTANCE: Save New Guinea to save Australia.
• Carrier-based planes do most of the fighting.
• RESULT: We lose the Lexington but win the battle.
BATTLE OF MIDWAY-JUNE 3-6, 1942
• THE TURNING
POINT OF THE
PACIFIC
• We break Japanese
code
• the attack is June
3rd.
• Nimitz sends carriers
to Midway
• Japan loses three
aircraft carriers and,
suffers its FIRST
LOSS.
GUADALCANAL - AUGUST 7,1942
• “ISLAND OF DEATH”
• *Japanese airbase is being built, and needs to be
taken out.
GUADALCANAL
• *After 6 months
of fighting the
Japanese, we
learn what the
war in the Pacific
will be like…
Banzai attacks
will leave 36,000
Japanese dead
on Guadalcanal
alone.
VICTORIES ARE PILING UP:
• *Gilbert Islands
• *Marshall Islands
• *Caroline Islands
• US soldiers were
shocked at the
practice of
seppuku
SAIPAN - JUNE 15, 1944
• 153,000 Marines
vs. 30,000
Japanese
• We need Saipan to
bomb Japan (1200
miles away).
SAIPAN
• The Japanese chose
death over surrender.
Soldiers and Civilians
jump over the cliffs to
their death.
BOMBING JAPAN - 1944
• We are now in
position to bomb
Japan.
• * Most bombs were
fire bombs.
• * Japan will receive
160,830 TONS of
bombs.
BATTLE OF LEYTE GULF
October 1944
• MACARTHUR
RETURNS!!!
• Largest naval battle in
history.
• last major battle that
the Japan can launch.
• Japan will use
whatever it has left to
fight to the death.
• He had been stationed on Lubang
Island in the Philippines when it
was overrun by U.S. forces in
February 1945. Most of the
Japanese troops were slain or
captured, but Onoda and several
other men holed up in the jungle.
The others were eventually killed,
but Onoda held out for 29 years,
dismissing every attempt to coax
him out as a ruse. Finally the
Japanese government located his
commanding officer, who went to
Lubang in 1974 to order Onoda to
give up. The lieutenant stepped
out of the jungle to accept the
order of surrender in his dress
uniform and sword, with his rifle
still in operating condition.
Hiroo Onoda
IWO JIMA & OKINAWA…
The last two…
• *600 Miles from Japan, great bombing bases.
Battle of Iwo Jima
February 19th –
March 26th
1944
18,500 Japanese KIA
6,800 American KIA
Battle of Okinawa
April 1st – June 22nd 1944
• 110,000 Japanese killed
• 12,500 Americans killed
Battle of Okinawa
• 100,000 civilians died
in the fighting.
KAMIKAZES
• *Last attempt
to turn the
war. Attacks
would last
the rest of
the war.
• *U.S. WILL
LOSE 34
SHIPS, 368
DAMAGED,
763 PLANES
MANHATTAN PROJECT
• *After taking office,
Truman learns of a
secret project…
POTSDAM CONFERENCE-JULY 1945
• *Truman, Stalin, Atlee,
Churchill
• *New weapon was
discussed (Stalin
made it a point to act
unimpressed. His
spies had already told
him about the bomb.
He knew about it long
before Truman did.
• *The Allies would only
accept
UNCONDITIONAL
SURRENDER from
Japan.
DID TRUMAN HAVE OPTIONS?
• *Use as a bargaining
tool.
• *Demonstrate the
bomb, then ask for
surrender
• *invasion of Japan
• TRUMAN
WARNS JAPAN
OF
DESTRUCTION
AND ASKS FOR
SURRENDER,
NO REPLY
FROM JAPAN.
Col. Paul Tibbits
HIROSHIMA - AUGUST 6TH, 1945
90,000 to 140,000 Dead
NAGASAKI - AUGUST 9TH, 1945
40,000 to 70,000 Deaths
AUGUST 14, 1945
• VJ Day
• Formal
Surrender
September 2,
1945-aboard
the U.S.S.
Missouri in
Tokyo Bay,
formal
surrender is
signed.
Aftermath…
• 55 million
soldier and
civilians died
• 20 million
from the
Soviet Union
alone
• 290,000
American
dead
• 670,000
Americans
wounded