Transcript World War II - davis.k12.ut.us

World War II
CHAPTER 15
Section 1:
The Allies Turn the Tide
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The Axis powers do not have a coordinated strategy to defeat the
Allies

Hitler wanted to dominate Europe and eliminate “inferior”
peoples
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Mussolini harbored dreams of an Italian empire from the eastern
Adriatic Sea to East Africa

Tojo wanted Japanese control of the Western Pacific and Asia
The Allies unify their strategy and decide to take a “Europe First”
approach, making sure that until Hitler was defeated, the Pacific
would be a secondary priority
Section 1:
The Allies Turn the Tide

The Battle of Stalingrad: The starting point of Hitler’s plan invade the
Soviet Union and then take over all of Europe

Soviet forces trapped Nazi troops and the Nazi armies were forced
to retreat

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qd_Wt4N1Sss
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Photo on page 467 in textbook
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Allies then go to North Africa to force the Germans out of this area

American officer General Dwight Eisenhower (known as Ike),
commanded the Allied invasion of North Africa
Section 1:
The Allies Turn the Tide

Allied forces struggled fighting in desert conditions and needed
aggressive officers and troops better trained for desert fighting

Read “Focus on Geography” on page 468

Eisenhower put American forces in North Africa under the
command of George S. Patton, Jr.
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Patton was known as “Blood and Guts Patton”
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Read quote from Patton on page 469

“You usually will know where the front is by the sound of gunfire, and
that’s the direction you should proceed. Now, suppose you lose a
hand or an ear is shot off, or perhaps a piece of your nose, and you
think you should walk back to get first aid. If I see you, it will be the
last…..walk you’ll ever take” –George S. Patton, Jr. 1943
George S. Patton Video Clips

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/george-smithpatton/videos/george-s-patton
Section 1:
The Allies Turn the Tide

Germany was now on the defensive and the Allies wanted to keep
it that way

Roosevelt and Churchill met in Casablanca, Morocco to plan their
next move

Two important decisions were made: To increase the bombing of
Germany and to invade Italy

The Allies invaded Sicily and then moved on to mainland Italy

After 38 days, Italy surrendered and the rule of Benito Mussolini
came to an end

However, Hitler was not through with Italy
Section 1:
The Allies Turn the Tide

Hitler rescued Mussolini from a mountain top fortress in
Italy

Hitler then installed Mussolini as head of a puppet state
in Northern Italy

In the southern part of Italy, German forces continued to
fight against the Allies

Although the fighting continued in Italy until 1945, neither
side gained ground due to heavy rains, mountain snow,
and the criss-crossing rivers which made combat
extremely difficult
Section 1:
The Allies Turn the Tide

In early 1942 nonstop bombing attacks were launched on German
cities

The attacks took place at night in order for the British planes to
avoid being shot down

The goal of this “saturation bombing” was to inflict maximum
damage on the Germans

During the day, American bombers targeted Germany’s key
political and industrial centers

This was known as “strategic bombing”

An African-American fighter squadron, known as the Tuskegee
Airmen, played a key role in this bombing campaign
Section 1:
The Allies Turn the Tide
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The Tuskegee Airmen escorted bombers and protected
them from enemy fighter planes
They flew more than 1,500 missions over enemy territory
in Europe, and they never lost a single bomber
This bombing mission cost the Allied forces dearly
Bomber crews suffered an incredibly high 20% casualty
rate
This bombing campaign paved the way for an all-out
Allied offensive
Infographic on pages 470-471
Bombing Campaign in Germany
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http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bombing%20of%20german
y%20wwii&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=bombing%20of%20germany%20w
wii&sc=2-23&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=68692E8D71E42DA0938C68692E8D71E42DA
0938C

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_RctYbl1v8
Section 1:
The Allies Turn the Tide

Although the Allies were pursuing their “Europe First” strategy, they did
not forget about what was going on in the Pacific
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The Japanese continued to have unstoppable momentum

They had attacked American, British and Dutch colonies, winning
control of several areas including The Philippines, Hong Kong and
Guam

Admiral Yamamoto, commander of the Japanese naval forces in the
Pacific had a plan to take over Midway, an American naval base in the
Central Pacific that was the vital defense to Hawaii

Losing Midway would then force American defenses back to the
California coast
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Yamamoto also planned to establish a Japanese military presence in
the Aleutians, a string of Islands in Alaska
Section 1:
The Allies Turn the Tide
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Luckily, US Navy code breakers intercepted the Japanese plan and
the US Navy was ready!

The Japanese launched their attack on June 4, 1942; however, they
lost the battle, as well as many of its most experienced pilots and
aircraft
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The US lost only one aircraft carrier

The battle of Midway was the turning point of the war in the Pacific,
as it stopped the Japanese advance

Although Japan maintained a powerful navy, never again would
they threaten Hawaii or dominate the Pacific

Japan was now on the defensive
The Battle of Midway
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http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=battle+of+midway+video&
FORM=VIRE9#view=detail&mid=F8DE54E59801C78E7591F8DE54E598
01C78E7591
Section 1:
The Allies Turn the Tide
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The US was now on the offensive
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They first American offensive strike took place with an assault on
Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands
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Read “Witness to History” on page 466
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After 3 months of fighting, US Marines drove the Japanese off the
Island

Guadalcanal was the first leg in a US strategy to approach Japan
on two fronts
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In the jungles, during monsoons and in the blistering sun, American
servicemen began their slow painful trek toward Japan