Transcript World War I
Europe in Chaos: World War I to the End of the Cold War World War I Causes of World War I: 1914-1918 • Natural Resources from Colonies • Nationalism 1910-1914 Increase in Spending for Military – The love of one’s country • Militarism – Using strong armies and threat of War • Alliances – Agreement between countries France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73% The First World War: •Why? Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his Wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg one hour before their deaths, June 28, 1914 Short term Cause of WWI Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the AustroHungarian Empire Alliances in WWI Causes of World War I - Alliances Triple Entente: Triple Alliance/Central Powers: Great Britain Germany France Austria-Hungary Tension Russia Italy Treaty of Versailles • Armistice was signed – • • Armistice: an agreement to stop fighting January 1919 Allied Powers met at the Paris Peace conference The Treaty of Versailles – – – Germany had to admit blame for war Germany Lost territory Germany had to pay for damages Effects of WWI / Both • Treaty of Versailles • Worldwide depression (Germany) • Rise of Nazism Causes of WWII Changing Maps of Europe • Countries Disappeared = Ottoman Empire, Bosnia, Serbia, AustriaHungary • Countries Changed (-/+) = Great Britain, Germany, France, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Russia • European Countries created = Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland • Some countries Created = Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Cyprus, Iran, Danzig Worldwide Depression • Roaring 20s- celebration and positive outlook following WWI. • 1929-Stock market Crashes • Farmland had been destroyed during WWI • Job Loss, Businesses closed, loss of land • Germany hit x2 Rise of Nazism • Adolf Hitler offers a solution with his Nazi Party: – Blame the Treaty of Versaille – Blame the Jewish People Think, Pair, Share •Why do you think Hitler blamed the Jewish People? Other Developments • Russian Revolution of 1917 • Czar: absolute ruler of Russia • Russians citizens struggle to get what they needed to survive during World War I. The Rich had everything. • Riots erupted • The Czar is overthrown • Vladimir Lenin and the Communists take control through violence filling the power void left by not having the Czar in control. Writing Across the Curriculum Writing Prompt: Some historians claim that The Treaty of Versailles is to blame for starting World War II. Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not? You must give supporting details to agree or disagree with the statement. Answer in a complete paragraph World War II: 1939-1945 The Sides Allies – Britain – France – U.S. • December 7, 1941 • Pearl Harbor – Soviet Union – China Axis – Japan – Germany – Italy World War II Animation Map Map Key: Allied Powers Axis Powers Russia Rise of Dictators Germany- Adolf Hitler Soviet Union- Joseph Stalin Hitler • 1930s- unite the German race and builds up military and weapons • 1938-German soldiers march on Austria • September 1, 1939Invasion of Poland: World War II began The Soviet Union • Joseph Stalin takes over in the 1920s and Russia is now known as the Soviet Union. The Holocaust • The mass killing of about 6 million Jewish people, along with other “unwanted” people classified by the Nazi Government in Germany. • Occurred in World War II • Jews Fled, many to the United States, others to Palestine (Canaan). • Jews and other “unwanted” people were taken to Concentration Camps. Anti-Semitism • The belief or behavior hostile towards Jews just because they are Jewish. • This happens in much of Europe • Many Jew flee Europe and head to U.S. and Palestine. Germany • The Way to Victory of Germanicism over Judaism. France Russia Even Today… The End of World War II • 1940: France Surrenders • 1942: Germany tries to capture the Soviet City of Stalingrad and fails • 1944: D-Day: Invasion of Normandy in France. Russia Advances to Germany • April 30th: Hitler Commits suicide • 1945:U.S. drops atomic bomb over Japan The Beginning of the end of the WAR!!! Effects of World War II/Causes of Cold War • Partition of Germany • The Rise of Super Powers (Weapons Race) • Spread of Communism-(Soviet Union& China) Partition of Germany • Germany is divided by the Allies: U.S., Great Britain, Soviet Union and France. • Berlin was supposed to be rebuilt together, but tension led to a wall being built. Super Powers: countries with power that can be used over other countries United States Soviet Union • Possession of Nuclear • Possession of Weapons Nuclear Weapons • Communism: • Capitalism: citizens government controls control the economy the economy • Democracy: citizens • Dictatorship: citizens elect leaders do not have influence over government The Spread of Communism What is Communism? Marxism/Communism Capitalism • Focuses on the struggles of the poor. • The workers take control • Everyone is equal • Survival of the best product. • Consumer’s buying habits control what is produced. Karl Marx Adam Smith Key: Citizens: Which picture below represents communism? Resources/Capital: Communism The Cold War 1945-1990 Western bloc -NATO Eastern bloc - Warsaw Pact • U.S., France, Great Britain, Italy, Canada, Netherlands, West Germany • Capitalism • Democracy • Want to reunite Germany • Soviet Union, Ukraine, Poland, East Germany • Communism • Dictatorship • Want control of the countries behind the iron curtain (Eastern Europe) What was the Cold War? • A time of extreme tension between the United States and its Allies and the Soviet Union and it’s Allies. • There was NO actually fighting between the countries involved; however, the United States and the Soviet Union did support opposite sides during other wars (Korean, Vietnam, etc) The Spread of Communism (Animation) The Collapse of the Soviet Union (Effects of the Cold War) • Soviet Union’s economy is failing. – Mikhail Gorbachevleader of SU, begins to reduce government control. – SU cannot keep up with US spending on Military. • 1989: the Berlin Wall is torn down and Germany is reunified. (German Reunification) • 1991 Soviet Union Collapses Ticket out the Door • What is a bloc and what were the two blocs during the Cold War? • Why was the Cold War “cold”? • What is the difference between communism and capitalism? • What divided eastern and western Europe during the Cold War? Warm Ups: Use the following 10 slides for “warm up” assignments or rename them as tickets out the door. They are a bonus and use them as you see fit. Warm up • What do you know about World War I? How it started? What was the fighting like? You have 5 minutes How did it end? Warm Up • What was the immediate cause of WWI? • What were 2 long term causes of WWI? Warm Up • Name two ways that World War I was fought. Warm Up 1. How do you think Nationalism contributed to WWI? Love for country creates rivalry. 2. What were the two sides during WWI? Triple Alliance=Central Powers; Triple Entente = Allied Powers, 3. What country received the blame for WWI as a result of the Treaty of Versailles? Germany Warm Up Read and answer the questions below. “Fine specimens of humanity those Germans, and to think I’m actually one of them! No, that’s not true, Hitler took away our nationality long ago. And besides, there are no greater enemies on earth than the Germans and Jew.” -Anne Frank 1. Why does Anne dislike the Germans even though she is German herself? 2. What does Anne mean when she says that Hitler “took away our nationality long ago?” Warm Up 1. During what war did the Holocaust occur? 2. What country/government started the Holocaust? 3. What impact do you think the Holocaust had on the Jewish people? Warm Up You do not have to write the questions, but you do need to answer in complete sentences • What is a super power? • What two countries were super powers after World War II? Why? • What did these two powers disagree about? Warm Up: What is this political cartoon trying to say? Warm Up 1. Why do you think this period was called the "Cold War"? (educated guess) 2. What's a hot war? • Which word that you identified yesterday do you think is the most important to the Cold War? Why? (two complete sentences) • (Of course you need to get out your Vocabulary from yesterday) Extra Cold War Vocabulary • Communism – Government has control of economy and politics • Capitalism – People have control of economy. • Bloc • Iron Curtain • NATO • Arms Race Word Definition What is the importance of this word to the Cold War? Ticket out the Door • Which word that you identified today do you think is the most important to the Cold War? Why? (two complete sentences) Think, Pair, Share • Europe and the world had just gone through some pretty wild Chaos. How do you think they felt?