Transcript WW2_Begins_2011 - Liberty Union High School District

Quick Write 1
Think back to World War I.
Write down two reasons
Americans wanted to stay out
of war and two reasons we
eventually went to war.
World War II Quotes
• “If Hitler had invaded Hell, I would at least
give a favorable mention to the Devil in the
House of Commons.”
• Winston Churchill, 1941
• Those who do not remember the past are
condemned to repeat it.”
• George Santayana
• “I shall return.”
• General MacArthur, 1942
I. World War II in Europe
• A. 1938-1940: Hitler annexes Austria,
invades Czech & Poland, Belgium,
Norway, Luxembourg & France
• B. June 1940: France surrenders to
Germany (French did not want Paris
destroyed)
• C. June 1940: Mussolini (fascist Italian
dictator) allies with Hitler to form Axis
powers (Italy & Germany)
D. July 1940: Battle of Britain
• 1. Germany bombs Britain for 11
months
• 2. Prime Minister Winston
Churchill vows to “never
surrender” to Germans
• 3. 200 pilots defend Britain w/
better planes & radar
Hitler in Paris
German troops in Paris
E. American Neutrality
• 1. 1935-1937: Neutrality Acts
• a. response to anti-war
sentiment
• b. Can’t send weapons or give
credit to warring nations
• c. Raw materials sold for cash
only
Fascist Italian dictator
who formed an
alliance with Hitler
Mussolini
In the battle of
Britain, this country
had better pilots and
better planes
Britain
American anti-war
sentiment in 1935 led
to the passage of these
Neutrality Acts
This city was
surrendered to the
Germans so that it
would not be
destroyed
Paris
During this battle
Germany bombed
Britain for 11 months
Battle of Britain
British prime minister
during World War II
Winston Churchill
2. 1940s: US helps Allies
• a. Election: FDR promised not to
send Ams to a foreign war
• b. FDR wanted to help Allies, but
had to appease US citizens who
opposed war
• c. Destroyer Deal: 50 destroyers
given to Brits in exchange for
airbases in Newfoundland
• 3. Lend Lease Act:
• a. Allowed US to provide arms to Allies
• b. opposed by many Americans who
feared it would lead the US into a war in
Europe
• 4. 1940: Selective Service & Training
Act: established 1st peacetime draft in
US history (ages 21-35yrs) (FDR
prepared for war)
• 5. May 1941: 79% of Ams
oppose the war
• 6. Charles Lindbergh led
“America First,” a group that
opposed the war & admired
Nazis
• 7. Reuben James sunk, 115
sailors die (Ams were escorting
merchant ships w/weapons)
Reuben James
This peacetime draft law
made it possible for the
US to have a large
military force by
December 1941
Selective
Service Act
This act allowed the president
to provide arms to foreign
countries, but was opposed by
Americans who thought it
would drag the US into a war
in Europe
Lend Lease Act
American destroyer
sunk by German Uboats during World
War II
Reuben James
This president wanted
to help the Allies, but
had to appease US
citizens who opposed
entering the war
Roosevelt
He admired the Nazis,
opposed the war and
led a group of
isolationists called
"America First."
Charles Lindbergh
President Roosevelt
made a deal where he
trade these for military
bases in Newfoundland
(Canada)
Destroyers
F. US Enters WWII
• 1. 1940: Japan
• a. 72 mill ppl, 1/2 size of Calif
• b. “Asia for the Asians:” Japan wanted
to liberate Asia from Euros & rule it
themselves
• c. Js policy in the Pacific conflicted
w/Ams open trade w/China
• d. 1931: invaded Manchuria for natural
resources (coal, oil, iron)
Pacific Theater
• e. 1937: invaded China
• 1. used torture & rape to subdue
Chinese
• 2. loss of trade w/China would cost US
$100 mill ($1.4 bill) per yr
• 3. US embargoes all war related
resources
• f. Sept 1940: J joins It & Germ (Axis
powers), signs Tripartite Pact
• g. 1941: US breaks Js diplomatic code,
knew an attack was planned
2. December 7, 1941: Pearl
Harbor
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
a. Planned by Admiral Yamamoto
1. Js developed special torpedoes
2. 8am Sunday
b. 2/3 of Am Pacific fleet
1. 8 battleships, 149 planes
2. 2400 die
3. Js lose 29 planes
Pearl Harbor
• c. Battleship Arizona sunk
• 1200 die & are still there
• d. Missed repair yards, fuel tanks &
carriers
• e. Dec 8: US declares war
• 1. 534 of 535 vote yes
• 2. 6 mill volunteer, 10 mill drafted
• 3. FDR called Dec 7 “A day that will
live in infamy.”
Battleship Arizona
Destroy this Mad Brute
Destroy this Mad Brute
(Library of Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
1200 Americans
died on this
battleship and are
still entombed here
The Arizona
Japanese attempts at
creating an empire were
in conflict with the US
open trade policy here
China
When referring to a "day
that will live in infamy"
President Roosevelt was
speaking of the attack
here
Pearl Harbor
The Japanese took
over this country
because it had lots of
natural resources
Manchuria
3. Philippines
• a. Also bombed on Dec 7
• b. General MacArthur commanded
the US forces in the Philippines
• c. Am & Filipino troops retreat to
Bataan peninsula
• d. FDR ordered Mac Arthur to
leave (went to Australia), promised
to return to the Philippines
Random & Useless
Bataan Death March
• 76.000 American • 5-10K killed during
& Filipino
march
(many
soldiers
beheaded)
surrendered to
Japanese in
• Americans did not
April of 1942
know about it for 3
• Marched 60
yrs.
miles
Map of Bataan Peninsula
Bataan Death March
• 4. Jan 1943: Casablanca
Conference
• a. Decide to defeat Axis Powers
in Europe 1st, then focus on
Japan
• b. Churchill & FDR insist on
policy of “unconditional
surrender” for Germs
General George Patton
5. June 6, 1944: D-Day (Operation
Overlord): Allied invasion of Nazi
occupied France
• a. largest amphibious invasion
• b. Led by General Eisenhower
c. Normandy, France
• 1. Surprise: Germs thought attack
would come at Calais
• 2. Third Army, led by General Patton,
liberated Paris from German
occupation
• 3. Allies sweep Germans out of France
• 4. Dec 1944: Battle of the Bulge: last
German offensive
Random & Useless
D-Day (Operation Overlord)
• Allied “blitzkrieg”
• Allies used double
agents & fake armies to
fool the Germans
• Largest amphibious
invasion in history
• Normany had extreme
tides, mined H2Os & no
ports
• Allies brought in their
own concrete harbors
(mulberries)
• The Allies had 5,000 ships &
11,000 planes
• The Allies outnumbered the
Luftwaffe 50 to 1
• The casualty rate in the
first waves was 80%
• 1 mill soldiers crossed the
Normandy beach within 18
days
Random & Useless
Friendly Fire
• The first German
serviceman killed in World
War II was killed by the
Japanese (China, 1937), the
first American serviceman
killed was killed by the
Russians (Finland 1940), the
highest-ranking American
killed was Lt. Gen. Lesley
McNair, killed by the U.S.
Army Air Corps.
• The German submarine U120 was sunk by a
malfunctioning toilet.
Random & Useless
World War II
• At the time of Pearl
Harbor, the top U.S. Navy
command was called
CINCUS (pronounced
“sink us”), the shoulder
patch of the U.S. Army
45th Infantry Division was
the swastika, and Hitler’s
private train was named
“Amerika.” All three names
were soon changed for PR
purposes.
• The youngest U.S.
serviceman was 12-year-old
Calvin Graham, USN. He
was wounded and given a
dishonorable discharge for
lying about his age. His
benefits were later restored
by act of Congress)\
Random & Useless
War in Europe
Among the first Axis soldiers
• When the allied armies
captured at Normandy by
Americans were several Koreans. reached the Rhine River in
Germany, the first thing
They had been forced to fight for
men did was pee in it. This
the Japanese Army until they
was pretty universal, from
were captured by the Russians
and then forced to fight for the
the lowest private to
Russian Army until they were
Winston Churchill and Gen.
captured by the Germans and
George Patton.
further forced to fight for the
German Army until they were
captured by the U.S. Army.
7 Future American Presidents
Views of the World Were Formed
by Their Service in World War II
Random & Useless
Presidents & sons in WW2
• Every man who was a
United States President from
1953 until 1993 wore a
military uniform during
WW2.
• The only former president
alive during WW2, was
Hoover. He offered his
services, but was refused.
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt
was the commander and
chief of the armed forces,
• Teddy Roosevelt is the only
president to lose three sons to
war. One in WW1, two in WW2.
• Teddy Roosevelt's first son
Theodore Roosevelt Jr, already a
WWI veteran, was the only
general on D-Day to land with
the first wave of troops.
• Teddy’s second son Kermit,
became a major in the
Intelligence Corps.
Random & Useless
Presidents & sons in WW2
• FDR Jr was a naval officer
at the Battle of Casablanca
• Elliott Roosevelt was a pilot
and witnessed the death of
JFKS’s older brother
• 2 men whose grandfathers
had faced each other in
battle 100 yrs before fought
in WW2.
• Presidential grandson
Ulysses S Grant III served
in army as a Major
• Gen.Nathan Bedford Forrest III
served as a Brigadier General in
the Army Air Force.
• Forrest lost his life in 1943 while
leading a B-17 raid. He was the
first American general to be
killed in the war. Their
grandfathers had faced each
other in battle in Tennessee and
Mississippi during the Civil War.
The Allies agreed in
1942 that their first
military goal would be
to defeat the Axis
powers here
Europe
This was the last
German offensive
attack before the
Allies entered
Germany
Battle of the
Bulge
This enabled the
Allies to establish a
base from which they
swept the Axis out of
France
D-Day
He commanded the
American forces in the
Philippines, and vowed
to return when forced to
evacuate
General Douglas
MacArthur
At the conference here,
it was decided that the
Allies would fight until
the Axis powers
surrendered
unconditionally
Casablanca
This general led the
Third Army into Paris to
liberate the city from
German occupation
General George
Patton
The code name for the
Allied invasion of
Nazi occupied Europe
Operation
Overlord