Transcript Japan seeks a Pacific Empire

Expansion began in 1931 when Japan invaded and
took over Manchuria (north east China) Japan
claimed China attacked a Japanese railroad built
in Manchuria.
Japan seeks a Pacific Empire
•The war in Manchuria took longer than
expected and brought Japan to the
realization that they needed a supply of uninterrupted resources.
•The only location was SE Asia which was
currently controlled by European colonies.
• Up until July of 1941, America was
supplying Japan with its oil, but Japan
took over French Indochina (Vietnam) so
she ended exports to Japan.
• All the European countries were pretty
much unable to respond to Japan’s
aggression. Japan realized that to
complete their vision, only the U.S.
stood in the way.
• They thought that if they could destroy
America’s navy in a surprise attack
(which just coincidently was parked
nicely in rows in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii) it
would be years before America could
respond. They would find out that they
greatly underestimated American
resolve.
Isoroku
Yamamoto
Japan’s greatest
naval strategist
and head of
their navy. He
died in 1943,
shot down in a
plane by U.S.
over Solomon
Islands
December 7, 1941
• A morning attack that lasted 2 hours, 18 ships damaged
or sunk which included all 8 of our battleships, 3500
military casualties – Japan had about 70 casualties
They also destroyed most of
the Air force we had in Hawaii
Sinking of the USS Arizona
• December 7, 1941, a date that will
live in infamy (disgrace, notoriety,
scandal)
Japanese Victories
• Japan’s strategy after destroying the
American fleet was to capture these
locations (they did it in 6 months!):
• Malaysia & Burma,
• Also…
Indonesia
The island of Guam
Wake Island
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All of the 98 captured Americans that remained on the island. They were taken to the
northern end of the island, blindfolded, and machine-gunned.
One prisoner escaped the massacre, carving the message "98 US PW 5-10-43" on a large
coral rock near where the victims had been hastily buried in a mass grave. This unknown
American was soon recaptured and beheaded.
Fall of Singapore
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• What would be considered a war crime was after
Japan conquered the Philippines, the
surrendering force of 75,000 Filipino &
American soldiers were forced to march 60 of
the 90 miles to the internment camps
• The Japanese commander, Homma, was
executed in 1946 for his war crimes.
Those who fell behind were usually executed or left to die; the
sides of the roads became littered with dead bodies and those
begging for help. A number of prisoners were further diminished by
malaria, heat, dehydration, and dysentery
The dead
were
between
11,000 &
18,000
Allies Strike Back
• To make a statement, the U.S. sent 2 aircraft
carriers towards Japan
• 16 B-25 bombers under Lt. Col James Doolittle
attacked & bombed Tokyo.
• Although little damage was done (and the crews
had to bailout in China because they didn’t
have enough fuel to get back to the carriers) it
did send a message that Japan could be
attacked & the war wasn’t over yet!
• Picture is of the Enterprise & Hornet carriers
• The raid raised American morale
Although little
damage was done
(and the crews
had to bailout in
China because
they didn’t have
enough fuel to get
back to the
carriers) it did
send a message
that Japan could
be attacked & the
war wasn’t over
yet!
Battle of Midway
• The Allied forces stopped Japanese
expansion at the Battle of the Coral Sea,
May 1942
• Now they planned on attacking Midway
Island. The US intercepted a message
and discovered 150 Japanese ships were
heading there.
Admiral Nimitz’s plan was to let the Japanese attack and when their planes came
back to refuel, (and were very vulnerable) the American bombers would attack
• The Yorktown aircraft carrier going
down
• The final results:
• US lost 2 ships, 98 planes, 307 died
• Japan – 5 ships (all 4 of their aircraft
carriers), 332 planes, 3,057 died
Japan would never be successful offensively again. This battle turned the tide of
the war against Japan
MacArthur goes on
offensive
• “Hit them where they
ain’t”. Hit the ones
least defended.
• He decided to take easy
targets and just isolate
the Japanese forces,
then pick them off one
at a time. This was
called “Island Hopping”
• August, 1942 they
landed the Marines on
Guadalcanal in the
Solomon Islands
• The Japanese called it “The Island of
Death”. The Americans just called it
“hell”
• The battle (and the surrounding battles)
lasted from Aug 1942 – Feb 1943
• Air & Sea Losses
• Japan - 30, 000 dead, 38 ships sunk, over 800 aircraft destroyed
• America – 7,000 dead, 29 ships sunk, 615 aircraft destroyed
One thing the Japanese didn’t do is surrender – only
1,000 were captured at Guadalcanal
• “The inciter of
war, the
prolonger of war”
• Propaganda
started as ugly
campaign
against Jews &
evolved into
harassment.
• Hatred against
Jews had deep
historical roots
Life was made
difficult for people
who were Jewish.
1935: two Jewish
pupils are
humiliated before
their classmates.
The inscription on
the blackboard
reads "The Jew is
our greatest
enemy! Beware of
the Jew!".
• They were not allowed to hold public office
• The Nuremburg Laws of 1935 deprived them the rights to German citizenship,
jobs, & property
• To make it easier to identify, they had to wear a
bright yellow star attached to their clothing
Cutting off an elderly man’s beard
• After the shooting of a employee of the German
Embassy in Paris in Nov 1938, the Nazis
systematically destroyed thousands of shops,
Jewish homes, and synagogues
• It was known as Kristallnacht, or “The Night of
Broken Glass”
• This German rally says ”The Jews
are our misfortune”
• Hitler’s 1st answer to the “Jewish
problem” was to let them emigrate.
(those that hadn’t fled Germany
yet)
• Other countries were resistant
towards the idea of having
thousands of people pour into their
countries (especially cultures that
shared Germany’s views)
• This is a picture of German Jews
resettling in Shanghai, China
• With around
11 million
Jews in Europe
and Russia,
Hitler needed a
way to control
their
movements so
he had all Jews
moved to
Ghettos, or
segregated
Jewish areas.
They were the
worst slums in
major cities.
Putting up a
wall to keep
them
separated
• Some Jews formed resistance within the ghettos
• This is a picture of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising as a
German gun crew readies to fire on a building
Although not successful it did cause the Germans to use valuable
troops that could have been fighting Russians.
• The perception that they could starve Jews was a slow process
so the Nazis implemented the strategy called the Final Solution.
Entrance to the notorious death camp, Auschwitz in Poland. The
sign at the entrance translated says, “Work makes one free”
They built concentration camps designed only for killing called
Death Camps. Railroads were the quickest and most efficient
way to rid Europe of the Jewish population.
Rail lines were built right into the prison for easy delivery
• Warsaw ghetto after the uprising – pretty much
leveled.
With a leather shortage, the millions of shoes
confiscated help alleviate that shortage
The Gas Chamber
These showers
weren’t meant to
clean off dirt
“Move over” – these slots slept 3 at a time
“Hope you’re not
shy” The latrine
Mass Grave
at Belsen
Auschwitz, Poland
Death Camp - 1.1 Million died
Buchenwald concentration camp, Germany
55,000 died (notice the hooks used to hang prisoners in multiples)
Dachau, Germany (near Munich)
Concentration Camp, but mainly a work camp. It was the 1st built in
Germany. 32,000 died (shown are crematorium ovens)
Portable Alter used by
priests (including
Father Kremer) at
Dachau
Majdanek, Poland
Combo Death & Concentration Camp
360,000 Died
Mauthausen, Austria Concentration Camp
120,000 Died
Belzec, Poland – 600,000 died. Camp was only open for 9
months in 1942 before the Nazis destroyed all traces of it
Chelmno, Poland
Death Camp
320,000 Died
(Photo taken right
before they
entered the Gas
Chamber)
Camp destroyed
by Nazis in 1944
Sobibor, Poland
Death Camp – 250,000 died
Camp only open 19 months
After the escape, the SS removed all evidence Oct 1943
Treblinka, Poland
Death Camp – 800,000 – 1.4 million
Camp was only open 9 months - notice no barracks for sleeping
This camp was made for 1 purpose only - dismantled by SS in April, 1943